{"id":12836,"date":"2022-11-09T12:32:38","date_gmt":"2022-11-09T04:32:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/?page_id=12836"},"modified":"2026-10-18T11:33:11","modified_gmt":"2026-10-18T03:33:11","slug":"v","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/esperantologio\/lingvistikaj-aspektoj-de-esperanto\/v\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u6982\u8bba \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u53e5\u6cd5\u5b66<\/h1>\n<h2><a id=\"#1\"><\/a>4.1 \u4ee5\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66<\/h2>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u628a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u8c13\u8bed\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6211\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u7b80\u5355\u53e5\u6700\u5178\u578b\u7684\u6784\u6210\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\u52a0\u8c13\u8bed\uff08\u5373\u4e3b\u8bed\u52a0\u52a8\u8bcd\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u518d\u9644\u52a0\u5176\u4ed6\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5176\u8c13\u8bed\u7531\u52a8\u8bcd\u52a0\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u6784\u6210\u7684\u5e38\u89c1\u53e5\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u53e5\u91cc\u5c31\u6709\u4e3b\u8bed\uff08S\uff09\u3001\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08V\uff09\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff08O\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c\u7528\u4eba\u4eec\u4e60\u60ef\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u53ca\u7269\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u5728\u300a\u4e0e\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u6210\u5206\u4e4b\u6b21\u5e8f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u6cd5\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\u300b\u6587\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e38\u89c1\u53e5\u578b\u3002\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u5728\u4e3b\u8bed\u5bbe\u8bed\u90fd\u662f\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0cS\u3001V\u3001O\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u8fd9\u91cc\u7684\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7b80\u5355\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u201c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u53e5\uff08\u547d\u9898\uff09\u201d\uff1b<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u201c\u9648\u8ff0\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u662f\u5e0c\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u8be2\u95ee\u3002\uff09\u4ed6\u65ad\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5c31\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u800c\u8bba\uff0c\u5360\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\uff08\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\uff09\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u8bba\u7406\uff0c\u6709\u516d\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff1aVSO\uff0cVOS\uff0cSVO\uff0cSOV\uff0cOSV\uff0cOVS\u3002<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5728\u8fd9\u516d\u79cd\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5360\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u4e09\u79cd\uff1aVSO\uff0cSVO\uff0cSOV\u2014\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e3b\u8bed\u5148\u4e8e\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u90a3\u51e0\u79cd\u3002\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u6309\u7406\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u6781\u4e3a\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\u3002\u540e\u6765\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u548c\u6211\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6240\u5b66\u9662\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u666e\u4f26\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff08Pullum\uff0c1977\uff09\uff09\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u5728\u5176\u4f59\u4e09\u79cd\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u8fd8\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u9a6c\u8fbe\u52a0\u65af\u52a0\u8bed\u7684VOS\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\uff08\u5df4\u897f\u7684\uff09\u5e0c\u4ec0\u5361\u6765\u5b89\u8bed\u7684OVS\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u70b9\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff1a\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u81f3\u4eca\u4e3a\u6b62\u6240\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7b80\u5355\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5\u4ee5OSV\u4e3a\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6b21\u5e8f\u3002<sup>\u2461<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u6765\u628a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6309\u7167\u4e09\u4e2a\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u5212\u5206\u3002\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e00\u6216\u8005\u8bf4VSO\u578b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u5728\u5404\u5927\u6d32\u90fd\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u51ef\u5c14\u7279\u8bed\u65cf\u5c31\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684\uff1b\u4e9a\u6d32\u548c\u975e\u6d32\u6709\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u3001\u9a6c\u8428\u4f9d\u8bed\u548c\u522b\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u5927\u6d0b\u6d32\u6709\u8bf8\u5982\u6bdb\u5229\u8bed\u3001\u8428\u6469\u4e9a\u8bed\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u6ce2\u5229\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u672c\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u67e5\u6ce2\u7279\u514b\u8bed\u3001\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684\u74dc\u57fa\u4e4c\u7279\u52d2\u8bed\u7b49\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u88681(a)\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u201c\u72d7\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u732b\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u5728\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\u4e2d\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6210\u4e3a <em><i>Gwelodd y ci&#8217;r gath<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u9010\u5b57\u7ffb\u8bd1\u51fa\u6765\u5c31\u662f\u201c\u770b\u89c1\u4e86 | \u72d7 | \u732b\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u88681<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(a) VSO \u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><em><i>Gwelodd<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>y ci<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>&#8216;r gath.<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>(b) SVO<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u82f1\u8bed<\/td>\n<td><em><i>The dog<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>saw<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>the cat.<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u4e16\u754c\u8bed<\/td>\n<td><em><i>La hundo<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>vidis<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>la katon.<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u7956\u9c81\u8bed<\/td>\n<td><em><i>Inja<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>ya:libona<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>ikati.<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6c49\u8bed<\/td>\n<td>\u72d7<\/td>\n<td>\u770b\u89c1\u4e86<\/td>\n<td>\u732b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>(c) SOV<\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u5370\u5730\u8bed<\/td>\n<td><em><i>Kutte-ne<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>billi<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>dekh\u0101.<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u65e5\u8bed<\/td>\n<td>\u72ac\u304c<\/td>\n<td>\u732b\u3092<\/td>\n<td>\u898b\u305f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bf4SVO\u578b\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5f53\u7136\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u65cf\uff08\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8bed\u65cf\uff08\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u8377\u5170\u8bed\u3001\u5fb7\u8bed\u3001\u745e\u5178\u8bed\u7b49\uff09\u3001\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u8bed\u65cf\uff08\u4fc4\u8bed\u3001\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\u3001\u6377\u514b\u8bed\u3001\u585e\u5c14\u7ef4\u4e9a-\u514b\u7f57\u5730\u4e9a\u8bed\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\u8fd8\u6709\u82ac\u5170\u8bed\u3001\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bed\u548c\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u3002\u975e\u6d32\u897f\u90e8\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7684\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f17\u62c9\u8bed\u3001\u6c83\u6d1b\u592b\u8bed\u3001\u7ea6\u9c81\u5df4\u8bed\u3001\u963f\u5e72\u8bed\u3002\u4e2d\u3001\u5357\u90e8\u7684\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u65af\u74e6\u5e0c\u5229\u8bed\u548c\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\uff0c\u6c49\u8bed\u5c31\u4ee5\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e3a\u4e00\u5927\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u9ad8\u68c9\u8bed\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u8bed\u3001\u6cf0\u8bed\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u8bed\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u8bed\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u6709\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u739b\u96c5\u8bed\u548c\u5df4\u62c9\u572d\u7684\u74dc\u62c9\u5c3c\u8bed\u3002\u88681(b)\u6240\u793a\u7684\u662f\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u3001\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u548c\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u79cd\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u5982\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90a3\u4e48\u5e38\u89c1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u5c5e\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u6700\u540e\u6216SOV\u578b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u662f\u5df4\u65af\u514b\u8bed\uff08\u672c\u5730\u53eb\u505a\u6b27\u65af\u5361\u8033\u8bed\uff09\u548c\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8bed\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8bed\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u5f62\uff1a\u5728\u67d0\u79cd\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u4ee5\u7528SVO\u4e3a\u597d\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4e9a\u6d32\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u5e03\u4e8e\u5370\u5ea6\u6b21\u5927\u9646\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u3001\u5b5f\u52a0\u62c9\u8bed\u548c\u5370\u5ea6\u5883\u5185\u7684\u6240\u6709\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u6709\u6cf0\u7c73\u5c14\u8bed\u3001\u9a6c\u62c9\u96c5\u5170\u8bed\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8fbe\u7f57\u6bd7\u8336\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u571f\u8033\u5176\u8bed\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u963f\u5c14\u6cf0\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7684\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4e9a\u7f8e\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bed\u3001\u6ce2\u65af\u8bed\u3001\u671d\u9c9c\u8bed\u548c\u65e5\u8bed\u3002\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u79d8\u9c81\u7684\u514b\u695a\u4e9a\u8bed\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5357\u975e\u7684\u7eb3\u9a6c-\u970d\u5c6f\u7763\u8bed\u548c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u591a\u6570\u672c\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u8bf7\u53c2\u770b\u88681(c)\u4e2d\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u548c\u65e5\u8bed\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5404\u4e2a\u89d2\u843d\u3002\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u662fSVO\uff0c\u5373\u52a8\u8bcd\u5728\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u4eba\u6570\u6700\u591a\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u6c49\u8bed\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u611f\u5230\u5341\u5206\u6b23\u6170\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e5f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff0c\u5728\u51b3\u5b9a\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6b21\u5e8f\u65f6\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u51b5\u7684\u8457\u540d\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u5fb7\u8bed\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u53e5\u5404\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u548c\u4ece\u53e5\u5404\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4e0a\u5f15\u201c\u72d7\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u732b\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u6b63\u5e38\u5730\u8bf4\u662f <em><i>Der Hund sah die Katze<\/i><\/em>\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u201c\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u72d7\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u732b\u201d\u4e2d\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4ece\u53e5\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5404\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u5e94\u8be5\u8c03\u6574\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<em><i>Ich glaube, da\u00df der Hund die Katze sah<\/i><\/em>\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u88682<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><em><i>Der Hund<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>sah<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>die Katze.<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td>SVO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u72d7<\/td>\n<td>\u770b\u89c1\u4e86<\/td>\n<td>\u732b\u3002<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>(<em><i>Ich glaube, da\u00df<\/i><\/em>) <em><i>der Hund<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>die Katze<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td><em><i>sah.<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td>SOV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u6211\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u72d7<\/td>\n<td>\u732b<\/td>\n<td>\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u3002<\/td>\n<td>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u590d\u6742\u60c5\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>4.2 \u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u5dee\u522b\u6211\u4eec\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u63d0\u5230\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u91cd\u5927\u5dee\u522b\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u662f\u6b7b\u6b7b\u5730\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e86\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u5374\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002\u5728\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\u7684\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bcd\u5e8f\u5e94\u8be5\u662fVSO\u3002<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u522b\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6392\u5217\u6216\u8005\u5bfc\u81f4\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u9020\u6210\u6709\u522b\u79cd\u610f\u601d\u7684\u6216\u7279\u522b\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0cSVO\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u51e0\u4e4e\u662f\u7edd\u5bf9\u5fc5\u9700\u7684\uff08\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff09\u3002OSV\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff08<em><i>the cat the dog saw<\/i><\/em>\uff09\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bb9\u8bb8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u8981\u6c42\u5728\u8bf4\u8bdd\u65f6\u6709\u7279\u522b\u7684\u8bed\u8c03\uff1b\u6309\u5e73\u5e38\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u6392\u5217\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u601d\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u72d7\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u732b\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u201c\u72d7\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u732b\u201d\uff1a\u6240\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u6b21\u5e8f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6539\u53d8\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u6539\u53d8\u610f\u4e49\u3002OVS\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff08<em><i>The cat saw the dog<\/i><\/em>\uff09\u4ea7\u751f\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u732b\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u72d7\u201d\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u6b21\u5e8f\u5c31\u662f\u79bb\u5947\u53e4\u602a\u7684\u4e86\uff1b\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4f1a\u8bdd\u6216\u4e00\u822c\u6563\u6587\u91cc\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u90a3\u4e9b\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u53ea\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u9020\u6210\u8bed\u4f53\u6548\u679c\u7684\u7f55\u7528\u624b\u6bb5\u2014\u2014\u5012\u88c5\u2014\u2014\u800c\u51fa\u73b0\u5728\u8bd7\u6b4c\u91cc\u3002\u800c\u5728\u8bd7\u6b4c\u91cc\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7591\u4e49\u6216\u6b67\u4e49\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u662f\u683c\u96f7\u7684\u540d\u4f5c\u300a\u4e61\u6751\u5893\u5730\u7684\u633d\u6b4c\u300b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u884c\u8bd7\u53e5\uff1a\u201c<em><i>And all the air a solemn stillness holds<\/i><\/em>\u201d\u3002\u8bd7\u4eba\u6b7b\u53bb\u4e24\u767e\u5e74\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6c38\u8fdc\u6ca1\u6cd5\u5b50\u786e\u5b9a\u4ed6\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u662fSOV\u8fd8\u662fOSV\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6cd5\u5b50\u77e5\u9053\u4ed6\u8981\u8bf4\u7684\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u7a7a\u6c14\uff08air\uff09\u628a\u5bc2\u9759\uff08stillness\uff09\u7b3c\u7f69\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u7a7a\u6c14\u88ab\u5bc2\u9759\u6240\u7b3c\u7f69\u3002<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u5982\u679c\u7834\u574f\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\uff0c\u5c31\u96be\u514d\u4ea7\u751f\u79cd\u79cd\u4e0d\u4fbf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u6ee1\u610f\u5730\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bcd\u5e8f\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u2014\u2014\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5360\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u662fSVO\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5176\u4f59\u4e94\u79cd\u6392\u5217\u90fd\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u5b8c\u5168\u5408\u4e4e\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u52a0\u4e0a\u79cd\u79cd\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8bed\u4f53\u8272\u5f69\u800c\u5df2\uff1a<em><i>La hundo la katon vidis; Vidis la hundo la katon; Vidis la katon la hundo; La katon la hundo vidis; La katon vidis la hundo.<\/i><\/em>\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u90a3\u4e2a\u4f8b\u53e5\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u6837\uff1a<em><i>Inja yalibona ikati<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u4e09\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4efb\u4f55\u987a\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>4.3 \u5982\u4f55\u533a\u5206\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u3001\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u548c\u522b\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u591f\u5141\u8bb8\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7528\u81ea\u7531\u6b21\u5e8f\u7075\u6d3b\u6392\u5217\uff0c\u663e\u5f97\u82b1\u6837\u767e\u51fa\uff1b\u800c\u6c49\u8bed\u3001\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u7b54\u6848\u5f88\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u90fd\u662f\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u6216\u8005\u540d\u8bcd\u6027\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff0c\u6216\u4ee5\u540d\u8bcd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u7684\u77ed\u8bed<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\uff09\u7684\u6700\u5927\u7279\u70b9\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u626e\u6f14\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u540c\u4e00\u7c7b\u7684\u8bcd\u6216\u8bcd\u7ec4\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u60f3\u8bf4\u7684\u610f\u601d\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u4f20\u8fbe\u7ed9\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4ee5\u67d0\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u8868\u793a\u4e24\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff08\u7ec4\uff09\u4e4b\u4e2d\u54ea\u4e2a\u8d77\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u54ea\u4e2a\u8d77\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u7528\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u7528\u5f62\u6001\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u8bcd\u5e8f\u6709\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u5148\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u5373\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8bed\u8bba\u3002\u5728 <em><i>the dog saw the cat<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u4e2d\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed <em><i>the dog<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff1b\u4f46\u5728 <em><i>the cat saw the dog<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e3b\u8bed\u5c31\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed <em><i>the cat<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u73b0\u5728\u662f\u5b83\u7ad9\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6539\u53d8\u8bcd\u5e8f\u5c31\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u5982\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8bcd\u5e8f\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u533a\u522b\uff1a\u5bbe\u8bed\u5e94\u8be5\u5e26\u6709\u5bf9\u683c\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u800c\u4e3b\u8bed\u5e94\u8be5\u7528\u4e3b\u683c\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u8bcd\u5c3e <em><i>-n<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u80fd\u591f\u628a\u5bf9\u683c\u8868\u8fbe\u5f97\u90a3\u6837\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u5c31\u65e0\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\u3002\u5728 <em><i>la hundo vidis la katon<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u548c <em><i>la katon vidis la hundo<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u4e24\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed <em><i>la katon<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u5e26\u7740\u5bf9\u683c\u8bcd\u5c3e\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u987b\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u72d7\u6240\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u5bf9\u8c61\uff1b\u800c <em><i>la hundo<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u6ca1\u6709 <em><i>-n<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u5373\u201c\u770b\u89c1\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u53d1\u51fa\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u683c\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u628a\u5bbe\u8bed\u7279\u522b\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6309\u7406\u8bf4\uff0c\u628a\u4e3b\u8bed\u7279\u522b\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u540c\u6837\u4ee4\u4eba\u6ee1\u610f\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u5c11\u8bed\u8a00\u6b63\u662f\u628a\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5f62\u4f4d\u6807\u660e\u5bf9\u683c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5f62\u4f4d\u6807\u660e\u4e3b\u683c\uff08\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u522b\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u624b\u6bb5\u4e5f\u80fd\u533a\u5206\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82e5\u52a8\u8bcd\u987b\u540c\u4e3b\u8bed\u534f\u8c03\u6216\u540c\u5bbe\u8bed\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u4e24\u5934\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u70b9\u6b66\u65ad\u5730\u5206\u4e3a\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u201c\u7c7b\u201d\u3002\u8fd9\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u201c\u6027\u201d\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6cd5\u8bed\u6216\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\u6216\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u6027\uff0c\u5fb7\u8bed\u6216\u4fc4\u8bed\u6216\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u6709\u5341\u4e94\u4e2a\u7c7b\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u4e8e\u533a\u5206\u5355\u6570\u548c\u590d\u6570\u3002\u5728\u88681(b)\u4e2d\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd <em><i>y\u00e0:lib\u00f2na<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u4f4d <em><i>y-<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u548c\u4e3b\u8bed <em><i>inj\u00e0<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u534f\u8c03\uff0c\u53c8\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u4f4d <em><i>-li-<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed <em><i>t\u00eck\u00e0ti<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e3b\u8bed\u662f\u732b\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u662f\u72d7\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u5c31\u5f97\u7528 <em><i>l\u00e0:yib\u00f2na<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u7528 <em><i>y\u00e0:lib\u00f2na<\/i><\/em>\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u4e0d\u8bba\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\u672c\u8eab\u8fd8\u662f\u5bbe\u8bed\u672c\u8eab\u90fd\u4e0d\u5e26\u6709\u8868\u793a\u683c\u7684\u5f62\u4f4d\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8fd8\u662f\u7531\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e24\u4e2a\u534f\u8c03\u5f62\u4f4d\u6e05\u695a\u5730\u8868\u793a\u51fa\u6765\u4e86\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u5c31\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u5f02\u7c7b\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u800c\u8a00\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u533a\u5206\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u624b\u6bb5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u5bf9\u683c\u5f62\u4f4d\u662f\u518d\u7b80\u5355\u4e0d\u8fc7\u7684\u4e86\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u4f4d <em><i>\/n\/<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u4f5c\u5bf9\u683c\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u591f\u53d8\u6362\u8bcd\u5e8f\uff0c\u800c\u65e0\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e4b\u865e\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u4f4d\uff08\u6216\u522b\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u6807\u8bb0\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u4f1a\u88ab\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\u56f0\u6b7b\uff1b\u6709\u4e86\u5b83\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u4eab\u53d7\u8bcd\u5e8f\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6027\u6709\u4e24\u70b9\u4e3b\u8981\u597d\u5904\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u628a\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u7236\u6bcd\u8bed\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u3001\u53cd\u6620\u4ed6\u7684\u601d\u7ef4\u4e4b\u81ea\u7136\u987a\u5e8f\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u8bcd\u5e8f\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u4ece\u5c0f\u719f\u4e60\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e00\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u6700\u540e\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u7d27\u3002\u4fdd\u7559\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bcd\u5e8f\uff0c\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u5c31\u4e0d\u5fc5\u62c5\u60ca\u53d7\u9669\uff0c\u751f\u6015\u8bf4\u51fa\u65e0\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u8bdd\u3001\u6709\u6b67\u4e49\u7684\u8bdd\u3001\u6216\u8005\u5fc3\u91cc\u60f3\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\u800c\u5634\u91cc\u5374\u8bf4\u8d70\u4e86\u6837\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u4e0d\u59a8\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b66\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u6cd5\u8bed\u6216\u6c49\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u6ce8\u5b9a\u8981\u906d\u5230\u600e\u6837\u7684\u547d\u8fd0\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f88\u597d\u5730\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u800c\u4e14\u5b66\u4f1a\u4e86\u8fd0\u7528\u5b83\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u8bcd\u5e8f\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6027\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e30\u5bcc\u591a\u5f69\u7684\u8868\u8fbe\u624b\u6bb5\uff1a\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u628a\u67d0\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u653e\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u6765\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b83\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u662f\u628a\u5197\u957f\u7684\u6216\u7b28\u91cd\u7684\u6210\u5206\u653e\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u800c\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b\u5730\u6784\u9020\u957f\u53e5\uff1b\u6709\u65f6\u7eaf\u7cb9\u662f\u53d8\u6362\u7b14\u8c03\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u6587\u5f69\uff0c\u514d\u5f97\u8c61\u82f1\u8bed\u5f3a\u52a0\u7ed9\u51e0\u4e4e\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5\uff08\u52a8\u4f5c\u53e5\uff09\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8001\u662f\u7528\u4e3b-\u52a8-\u5bbe\u90a3\u4e48\u4e00\u5957\u6b7b\u677f\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>4.4 \u6027\u72b6\u53e5<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u8bb8\u591a\u53e5\u5b50\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002\u7528\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u5c31\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<em><i>Petro malaperis<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5f7c\u5f97\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\u53ea\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\uff0cS\u548cV\uff1b\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5360\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u662fS+V\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u6b21\u5e8fV+S\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f88\u77ed\u800c\u4e3b\u8bed\u5f88\u957f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff1a<em><i>Malaperis tiu stranga viro kun nigra \u0109apelo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e86\u90a3\u4e2a\u6234\u9ed1\u5e3d\u7684\u751f\u4eba\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u91cc\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u522b\u7684\u5c0f\u7c7b\u662f\u8054\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08\u7cfb\u8bcd\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f <em><i>esti<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u662f\uff09\uff0c<em><i>i\u011di<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u6210\u4e3a\uff09\uff0c<em><i>resti<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\uff09\uff0c<em><i>\u015dajni<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bcd\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u628a\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u8868\u8bed\u8054\u7ed3\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 <em><i>Tiu plumo estas ru\u011da<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u90a3\u652f\u94a2\u7b14\u662f\u7ea2\u8272\u7684\uff09\uff0c<em><i>Tiu plumo estas sur la tablo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u90a3\u652f\u94a2\u7b14\u5728\u684c\u5b50\u4e0a\uff09\uff0c<em><i>Tiu plumo estas skribilo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u90a3\u652f\u94a2\u7b14\u662f\u5199\u5b57\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff09\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c<em><i>tiu plumo<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c<em><i>estas<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u662f\u8054\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\uff0c<em><i>ru\u011da<\/i><\/em>\uff0c<em><i>sur la tablo<\/i><\/em>\uff0c<em><i>skribilo<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u8bed\u662f\u5404\u79cd\u8868\u8bed\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08\u5373\u4ecb\u8bcd\u52a0\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u7528\u540d\u8bcd\u3002\u8868\u8bed\u7528\u4e3b\u683c\u2014\u2014\u548c\u4e3b\u8bed\u7528\u7684\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6027\u72b6\u53e5\uff08\u8fd9\u662f\u300a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u7ed9\u6709\u4e3b-\u7cfb-\u8868\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u6240\u53d6\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff09\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u6b21\u5e8f\u4f1a\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u660e\u5bbe\u8bed\u7684\u5bf9\u79f0\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u660e\u8868\u8bed\u7684\u4e13\u7528\u5f62\u4f4d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5360\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684SVO\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bf4\u6765\u662f\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6df7\u6dc6\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u8868\u8bed\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u4e0d\u5927\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u8054\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u628a\u4e8c\u8005\u9694\u5f00\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u91cd\u65b0\u628a\u53e5\u5b50\u5b89\u6392\u6210 <em><i>Ru\u011da estas tiu plumo<\/i><\/em>\uff0c<em><i>Sur la tablo estas tiu plumo<\/i><\/em>\uff0c<em><i>Skribilo estas tiu plumo<\/i><\/em>\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u8bf4 <em><i>Tiu plumo ru\u011da estas<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u7b49\u7b49\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u2026\u2026<em><i>estas kia?<\/i><\/em>\u3014\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\uff1f\u3015\u4e4b\u7c7b\uff09\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u8054\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fde\u7ed3\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u98a0\u5012\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u89c1\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u6dc6\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u8054\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u201c\u662f\u201d\u660e\u786e\u8868\u8fbe\u4e86\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u8868\u8bed\u4e24\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u5047\u8bbe\u7532\u662f\u4e59\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e59\u4e5f\u662f\u7532\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u8ba4\uff0c\u201c\u662f\u201d\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4ea4\u53c9\u7684\u6216\u5305\u542b\u7684\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8bf4 <em><i>leono estas besto<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u72ee\u5b50\u662f\u91ce\u517d\uff09\u548c\u8bf4 <em><i>besto estas leono<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u91ce\u517d\u662f\u72ee\u5b50\uff09\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u4e00\u56de\u4e8b\u3002\u201c\u6210\u4e3a\u201d\u4e00\u8bcd\u9020\u6210\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u5371\u9669\u6027\u4e5f\u5f88\u5927\uff1a\u5230\u5e95\u662f <em><i>la glavo i\u011dis plugilo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5e72\u6208\u5316\u4e3a\u7389\u5e1b\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f <em><i>la plugilo i\u011dis glavo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u7389\u5e1b\u5316\u4e3a\u5e72\u6208\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u81f3\u5173\u7d27\u8981\u7684\u554a\uff01\u6240\u4ee5\u5e94\u8be5\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u8fd8\u662f\u5e94\u8be5\u7167\u5360\u652f\u914d\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u4e3b\u3001\u52a8\u3001\u8868\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u53bb\u5b89\u6392\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e24\u4e2a\u5947\u602a\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff1a\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\u548c\u4fc4\u8bed\u6709\u65f6\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u683c\u6765\u6307\u660e\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u540c\u4e3b\u8bed\u76f8\u533a\u522b\u3002<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u6b27\u6d32\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5219\u6709\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\uff0c\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u683c\u6765\u8fbe\u5230\u540c\u4e00\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u683c\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8c13\u201c\u7cfb\u683c\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u7528\u5f62\u4f4d\u6807\u51fa\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u9700\u8981\u8868\u793a\u201c\u662f\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4f7f\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u8054\u7cfb\u52a8\u8bcd\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>4.5 \u65bd\u52a8\u683c<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u6709\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u4e0a\u7528\u683c\u6765\u533a\u5206\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u4e0a\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff1a\u4e3b\u8bed\u7528\u4e3b\u683c\uff0c\u5bbe\u8bed\u7528\u5bf9\u683c\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u683c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e00\u89c6\u540c\u4ec1\u2014\u2014\u52a8\u8bcd\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u53ca\u7269\u7684\uff08<em><i>La hundo vidis la katon<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u72d7\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u732b\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u7684\uff08<em><i>La hundo dormis<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u72d7\u7761\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8054\u7cfb\u6027\u7684\uff08<em><i>La hundo estis kontenta<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u72d7\u662f\u9971\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u8981\u7d27\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4f53\u7cfb\u53eb\u505a\u65bd\u52a8\u683c\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002\u6309\u7167\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u53eb\u505a\u65bd\u52a8\u683c\u7684\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u53ea\u7528\u4e8e\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\uff0c\u5219\u7528\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\u3002\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e4b\u683c\u5e38\u5e38\u4e0e\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e4b\u683c\u76f8\u540c\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u60c5\u51b5\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u628a\u53e6\u5916\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u683c\u53eb\u505a\u6e38\u79bb\u683c\uff08\u72ec\u7acb\u683c\uff09\u3002\u5728\u522b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\uff0c\u5219\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e3b\u683c\u548c\u5bf9\u683c\uff1a\u4e3b\u683c\u540c\u4e0d\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fde\u7528\uff0c\u5bf9\u683c\u548c\u65bd\u52a8\u683c\u540c\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u8fde\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u65bd\u52a8\u683c\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u5c31\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u72d7\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u732b\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u72d7\u201d\u548c\u201c\u72d7\u7761\u4e86\u201d\u4e4b\u7c7b\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u201c\u72d7\u201d\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65bd\u52a8\u683c\u4f53\u7cfb\u89c1\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u897f\u6b27\u7684\u5df4\u65af\u514b\u8bed\uff08\u6b27\u65af\u5361\u8033\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u5317\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u7684\u963f\u74e6\u5c14\u8bed\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u548c\u5951\u5c14\u514b\u65af\u8bed\u8a00<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\uff09\uff0c\u5317\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u7231\u65af\u57fa\u6469\u8bed\u548c\u8d64\u52aa\u514b\u8bed\uff0c\u6fb3\u5927\u5229\u4e9a\u7684\u5409\u5c14\u5df4\u52d2\u8bed\u3002\u5b83\u4e5f\u89c1\u4e8e\u5370\u5730\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u9650\u4e8e\u540c\u5b8c\u6210\u4f53\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5f62\u5f0f\u8fde\u7528\u3002\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u540d\u8bcd\u4ece\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u8bf4\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u683c\uff1a\u76f4\u683c\uff08\u539f\u683c\uff09\u548c\u659c\u683c\uff08\u95f4\u63a5\u683c\uff09\uff1b\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u4e2d\u76f4\u683c\u540c\u65f6\u4e3a\u672a\u5b8c\u6210\u4f53\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u6240\u7528\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u4f53\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u6240\u7528\u4e4b\u65bd\u52a8\u683c\u4ece\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u7531\u95f4\u63a5\u683c\u548c\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u88681(c)\u4e2d\u7684\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u4f8b\u53e5\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fc7\u5b83\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u4e3b\u8bed\u4e2d\u7528\u65bd\u52a8\u683c\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6839\u636e\u6743\u5a01\u4e13\u5bb6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff0c\u539f\u59cb\u5370\u6b27\u8bed\u8f83\u65e9\u9636\u6bb5\u4e0a\u7528\u7684\u683c\u4f53\u7cfb\u662f\u65bd\u52a8\u683c\u4f53\u7cfb\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>4.6 \u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u683c<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5bf9\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u683c\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u662f\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u5bf9\u683c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u51e0\u79cd\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u88683<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong><b>\u529f\u80fd<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong><b>\u4f8b\u53e5<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong><b>\u6c49\u8bd1<\/b><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u6bb5\uff08\u5ef6\u7eed\uff09<\/td>\n<td><em><i>Mi jam tridek jarojn estas tombisto.<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u6211\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f53\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u6398\u5893\u4eba\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8868\u793a\u8d8b\u5411\uff08\u201c\u52a8\u5411\u683c\u201d\uff09<\/td>\n<td><em><i>La birdo flugis en la \u011dardenon.<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u90a3\u9e1f\u98de\u8fdb\u4e86\u82b1\u56ed\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8868\u793a\u5ea6\u91cf<\/td>\n<td><em><i>Li kuris tridek kilometrojn.<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u4ed6\u8dd1\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u516c\u91cc\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u8868\u793a\u65f6\u70b9\uff08\u65e5\u671f\uff09<\/td>\n<td><em><i>Va\u015dington estis naskita la dudek-duan de Februaro.<\/i><\/em><\/td>\n<td>\u534e\u76db\u987f\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u5982\u6240\u5468\u77e5\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5bf9\u683c\u7528\u4f8b\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u683c\u8bcd\u5c3e\u4ee3\u66ff\u4e86\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff1a<em><i>jam dum tridek jaroj<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5df2\u5386\u65f6\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\uff09\uff0c<em><i>flugis al en la \u011dardeno<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5411\u82b1\u56ed\u98de\u4e86\u8fdb\u53bb\uff09\uff0c<em><i>kuris tra tridek kilometroj<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u8dd1\u8fc7\u4e86\u4e09\u5341\u516c\u91cc\uff09\uff0c<em><i>estis naskita je la dudek-dua de Februaro<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u751f\u4e8e\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u65e5\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u4e00\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5404\u79cd\u683c\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u80fd\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u901a\u8fc7\u683c\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6216\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcd\u6216\u4e0e\u6b64\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\u53eb\u505a\u751f\u683c\u6216\u5c5e\u683c\u3002\u5b83\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5e26 <em><i>de<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u7684\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u3002\u5728\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c<em><i>la hundo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u72d7\uff09\u662f <em><i>\/to ski\u02c8li\/<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u4f46\u662f <em><i>de la hundo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u72d7\u7684\uff09\u662f <em><i>\/tu ski\u02c8liu\/<\/i><\/em>\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u8bed <em><i>la vosto de la hundo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u72d7\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\uff09\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u5c31\u6210\u4e86 <em><i>\/i u\u02c8ra tu ski\u02c8liu\/<\/i><\/em>\u3002\u683c\u7684\u5f62\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7194\u5408\u5728\u8bcd\u6839\u4e2d\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6e05\u6670\u53ef\u8fa8\u7684\u8bcd\u5c3e\uff08\u8fd9\u5728\u524d\u4e00\u7ae0\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff09\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u522b\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\u4ec5\u4ec5\u628a\u4e24\u4e2a\u6709\u5173\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6309\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u5e76\u5217\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u5728\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u201c\u72d7\u201d\u662f <em><i>y ci<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u201c\u5c3e\u5df4\u201d\u662f <em><i>cynffon<\/i><\/em>\uff1b\u201c\u72d7\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u201d\u662f <em><i>cynffon y ci<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u201c\u5c3e\u72d7\u201d\uff0c\u72d7\u5c3e\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\u4e5f\u80fd\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u7ed3\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\uff0c\u5373\u5408\u6210\u8bcd <em><i>hundovosto<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u72d7\u5c3e\uff09\u3002\u2014\u2014\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\u7684\u8bcd\uff08\u7d20\uff09\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u6b63\u597d\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u76f8\u53cd\uff1b\u53c8\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e0d\u8c08\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8bcd\uff0c\u53ea\u8c08\u5b83\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u65e2\u4e0d\u7528\u683c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7528\u5408\u6210\u8bcd\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u7528\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u5c0f\u8bcd\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4ecb\u8bcd <em><i>de<\/i><\/em>\uff1a\u4e8e\u662f <em><i>la hundo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u72d7\uff09\uff0c<em><i>la vosto<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5c3e\u5df4\uff09\uff0c<em><i>la vosto de la hundo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u72d7\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\uff09\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed <em><i>de la hundo<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u5c5e\u683c\u6240\u8d77\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u77ed\u8bed <em><i>de la hundo<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u91cc\u7684\u540d\u8bcd <em><i>hundo<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bc1\u660e\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u5b83\u5904\u4e8e\u5c5e\u683c\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u786e\u5b9e\u5c31\u662f\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed <em><i>\/tu ski\u02c8liu\/<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u4e2d\u7684\u5c5e\u683c\uff08\u6216\u522b\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u540d\u76ee\uff09\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5b83\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5374\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u683c\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\u3002\u6309\u7167\u300a\u57fa\u7840\u8bed\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c8\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\uff0c\u201c\u4e00\u5207\u4ecb\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u90fd\u8981\u6c42\u7528\u4e3b\u683c\u201d\uff08\u67f4\u95e8\u970d\u592b1963\uff1a299\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u4fdd\u7559\u201c\u683c\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u7528\u6765\u6307\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5f62\u5f0f\uff08\u8868\u73b0\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u672c\u8eab\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u51a0\u8bcd\u6216\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4e2d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u8d77\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u4ee3\u8bcd\u4e2d\uff09\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5f62\u5f0f\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u9012\u53d8\u4e2d\u4ece\u5f62\u6001\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5728\u8bed\u97f3\u4e0a\u4e5f\u662f\u4e92\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u6cd5\u8bed\u548c\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6ca1\u6709\u683c\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\uff0c\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6539\u53d8\uff09\uff1b\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u683c\uff08\u4e3b\u683c\u548c\u5c5e\u683c<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\uff09\uff1b\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u683c\uff08\u4e3b\u683c\u548c\u5bf9\u683c\uff09\uff1b\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\uff08\u4e3b\u683c\u3001\u5bf9\u683c\u3001\u5c5e\u683c\uff09\u6216\u8005\u56db\u4e2a\uff08\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u4e0a\u547c\u683c\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\uff1b\u5fb7\u8bed\u6709\u56db\u4e2a<sup>\u2461<\/sup>\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u7684\u683c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff09\uff1b\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u6709\u516d\u4e2a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8868\u793a\u201c\u5411\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4e3a\u201d\u7684\u4e0e\u683c\uff0c\u548c\u8868\u793a\u201c\u88ab\u201d\u3001\u201c\u79bb\u5f00\u201d\u3001\u201c\u51ed\u501f\u201d\u3001\u201c\u4f34\u968f\u201d\u7684\u593a\u683c\uff09\uff1b\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\u6709\u4e03\u4e2a\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5de5\u5177\u683c\u201c\u7528\u201d\u548c\u4f4d\u7f6e\u683c\u201c\u5728\u201d\uff09\u3002\u81f3\u4e8e\u82ac\u5170\u8bed\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u5341\u4e94\u4e2a\u683c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u540d\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u6709\u5341\u4e94\u79cd\u8bcd\u5c3e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u90fd\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcd\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\uff0c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u8981\u6c42\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u4e0a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u683c\u3002\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u4ecb\u8bcd <em><i>von<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5b83\u540e\u9762\u8ddf\u7684\u662f\u4e0e\u683c\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u662f\u201c\u2026\u2026\u7684\u201d\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5fb7\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u6216\u8005\u7528\u5c5e\u683c\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcd\u52a0\u4e0e\u683c\uff0c\u6765\u8868\u793a\u9886\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728 <em><i>Der Bericht von Bau des Kanals<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u62a5\u544a\uff09\u4e00\u8bed\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u65f6\u770b\u5230\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8868\u8fbe\u6cd5\uff1a<em><i>Der Bericht vom Bau<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u201c\u5efa\u7b51\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u201d\uff0c\u4ecb\u8bcd <em><i>von<\/i><\/em>\u00a0+ \u4e0e\u683c\uff09\uff0c<em><i>Bau des Kanals<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u201c\u8fd0\u6cb3\u5efa\u7b51\u201d\uff0c\u76f4\u622a\u4e86\u5f53\u7684\u5c5e\u683c\uff09\u3002\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u8bb8\u591a\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\uff0c\u4ecb\u8bcd\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u751a\u81f3\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u4f9d\u540e\u968f\u7740\u5b83\u7684\u683c\u800c\u5b9a\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\u53ea\u6709\u8868\u793a\u5904\u6240\u7684\u4ecb\u8bcd\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5373\u4e3b\u683c\u8868\u793a\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff08<em><i>en la \u011dardeno<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u5728\u82b1\u56ed\u91cc\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u5bf9\u683c\u8868\u793a\u8d8b\u5411\uff08<em><i>en la \u011dardenon<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u8fdb\u5165\u82b1\u56ed\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5728\u56de\u5934\u8c08\u72d7\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u548c\u5fb7\u8bed\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u9886\u5c5e\u5173\u7cfb\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u624b\u6bb5\u3002\u628a\u201c\u72d7\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u201d\u7528\u5c5e\u683c\u8bf4\u6210 <em><i>the dog&#8217;s tail<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7528\u4ecb\u8bcd\u8bf4\u6210 <em><i>the tail of the dog<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u3002\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\u662f\u9886\u6709\u8005-\u6240\u6709\u7269\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6b63\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\u3002\u533a\u5206\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u6709\u65f6\u9700\u8981\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u8bed\u4f53\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u5728\u8868\u8fbe\u8fd9\u79cd\u6982\u5ff5\u65f6\u7ed9\u9886\u6709\u8005\uff08\u5373\u72d7\uff09\u52a0\u4e0a\u8bcd\u5934\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\uff08\u8c61\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\u7b2c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u90a3\u6837\uff09\u52a0\u4e0a\u8bcd\u5c3e\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bcd\u5934\u53eb\u201c\u9886\u6709\u534f\u8c03\u6807\u8bb0\u201d\uff0c\u5176\u5f62\u5f0f\u53d6\u51b3\u4e8e\u6240\u6709\u7269\uff08\u5373\u5c3e\u5df4\uff09\u7684\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u77e5\uff0c\u201c\u72d7\u201d\u8bd1\u6210 <em><i>inj\u00e1<\/i><\/em>\uff1b\u201c\u5c3e\u5df4\u201d\u662f <em><i>umsila<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7684\u9886\u6709\u6807\u8bb0\u662f <em><i>wa-<\/i><\/em>\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u52a0\u5de5\uff0c<em><i>wa+inj\u00e1<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u4fbf\u4ee5 <em><i>w\u00e9nja<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u6765\u201c\u72d7\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u201d\u5c31\u6210\u4e86 <em><i>umsil\u00e1 w\u00e9nja<\/i><\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>4.7 \u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3001\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u901a\u8fc7\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff08\u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff09\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u5728\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u591a\u683c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5c5e\u683c\u3001\u4e0e\u683c\u3001\u5de5\u5177\u683c\u3001\u593a\u683c\u3001\u90e8\u5206\u683c\u3001\u5728\u5185\u683c\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4 <em><i>de la hundo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u72d7\u7684\uff09\uff0c<em><i>al la sinjoro<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u7ed9\u5148\u751f\uff09\uff0c<em><i>per hakilo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u7528\u65a7\u5934\uff09\uff0c<em><i>el Londono<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u4ece\u4f26\u6566\uff09\uff0c<em><i>da froma\u011do<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u82e5\u5e72\u5e72\u916a\uff09\uff0c<em><i>en la \u0109ambro<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5728\u623f\u95f4\u91cc\uff09\u3002\u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff0c\u987e\u540d\u601d\u4e49\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5b83\u6240\u652f\u914d\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\uff08\u6216\u8005\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4e4b\u524d\uff09\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u51b3\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u8bf4\u4ecb\u8bcd\u5e94\u8be5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u524d\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u9762\u6bd4\u5728\u540e\u9762\u597d\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u90a3\u4e9b\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7528\u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\u53bb\u7ffb\u8bd1\u7684\u5c0f\u8bcd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6709\u5173\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff08\u6216\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff09\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u65e5\u8bed\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1a\u201c\u72d7\u201d\u53eb\u201c\u72ac\uff08inu\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5c3e\u5df4\u201d\u53eb\u201c\u5c3b\u5c3e\uff08sippo\uff09\u201d\uff0c\u800c\u201c\u72d7\u7684\u5c3e\u5df4\u201d\u662f\u201c\u72ac\u306e\u5c3b\u5c3e\u201d\u3002\u5c0f\u8bcd\u306e\uff08no\uff09\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684 <em><i>de<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u610f\u4e49\u76f8\u540c\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u306e\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bcd\u53eb\u505a\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3002<sup>\u2460<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u683c\u7684\u8bcd\u5c3e\u7c98\u9644\uff08\u6216\u7194\u5316\uff09\u5728\u5176\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u540e\u9762\uff1b\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u4e5f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u540e\u9762\u3002\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bf4\uff0c\u683c\u7684\u8bcd\u5c3e\u548c\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u533a\u522b\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u533a\u522b\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u8981\u770b\u6709\u5173\u7684\u5f62\u4f4d\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u8bcd\u3002\u800c\u5173\u4e8e\u67d0\u4e2a\u4e1c\u897f\u662f\u8bcd\u4e0d\u662f\u8bcd\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u6709\u70b9\u96be\u5b9a\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u8fd1\u4e4e\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u82ac\u5170\u8bed\u90a3\u6709\u540d\u7684\u5341\u4e94\u4e2a\u683c\u4e0d\u662f\u683c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u5341\u4e94\u4e2a\u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u60ca\u8bb6\uff1b\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6709\u5341\u4e94\u4e2a\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u53c8\u4f55\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\u5462\uff1f\uff09\u53ef\u662f\u82ac\u5170\u8bed\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u5404\u79cd\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u683c\u7684\u5f62\u5c3e\u5c31\u8ddf\u5728\u8bcd\u5e72\u540e\u9762\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u4eec\u5f97\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u5b83\u771f\u7684\u662f\u8bcd\u5c3e\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3002\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8bed\u4e2d\u4e24\u6837\u4e1c\u897f\u90fd\u6709\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u628a\u683c\u7684\u8bcd\u5c3e\uff08\u5b83\u4eec\u5927\u90fd\u4fdd\u7559\u7740\u8bcd\u5e72\u7684\u5143\u97f3\u548c\u8c10\uff0c\u636e\u6b64\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u4e66\u5199\u65f6\u89c6\u4e3a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u548c\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff08\u5728\u5b83\u524d\u9762\u540d\u8bcd\u7528\u7684\u662f\u4e3b\u683c\uff0c\u5076\u6216\u7528\u522b\u7684\u683c\uff09\u52a0\u4ee5\u533a\u522b\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 <em><i>az udvar-ban<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u9662\u5b50\u91cc\uff09\uff0c<em><i>-ban<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u662f\u8bcd\u5c3e\uff1b<em><i>a f\u0151-palota el\u0151tt<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u4e3b\u6bbf\u524d\uff09\uff0c<em><i>el\u0151tt<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u662f\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff08\u201c\u524d\u201d\uff09\uff0c<em><i>f\u0151-palota<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u7528\u4e3b\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u8bed\u91cc\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5728\u522b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u7528\u683c\u6216\u7528\u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\u8868\u8fbe\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u65e5\u8bed\u90fd\u7528\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u6765\u8868\u8fbe\u3002\u6240\u6709\u4ece\u5c5e\u8fde\u8bcd\u548c\u5e76\u5217\u8fde\u8bcd\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684 <em><i>kvankam<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u867d\u7136\u201d\uff0c<em><i>se<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u5982\u679c\u201d\uff0c<em><i>\u0109ar<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u56e0\u4e3a\u201d\uff0c<em><i>kaj<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u548c\u201d\uff0c<em><i>sed<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u4f46\u662f\u201d\uff0c<em><i>a\u016d<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u6216\u8005\u201d\u7b49\u8868\u8fbe\u79cd\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\uff09\u4e5f\u90fd\u901a\u8fc7\u4f4d\u4e8e\u6709\u5173\u7684\u8bcd\u3001\u77ed\u8bed\u6216\u5c0f\u53e5\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u5c0f\u8bcd\u6765\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3002\u65e5\u8bed\u91cc\u603b\u5171\u7ea6\u6709\u4e03\u5341\u4e2a\u540e\u7f6e\u5c0f\u8bcd\uff08\u52a9\u8bcd\uff09\u3002<sup>\u2461<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u5177\u6709\u5b81\u7528\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u4e0d\u7528\u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\u7684\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u79f0\u4e3a\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\uff08\u8c61\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff09\u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u524d\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u8fc7\u7684\u82ac\u5170\u8bed\u3001\u5308\u7259\u5229\u8bed\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u963f\u5e72\u8bed\u548c\u8bb8\u591a\u522b\u7684\u897f\u975e\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u4f46\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u53ef\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u8fd8\u6709\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\u6700\u540e\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5373\u5df4\u65af\u514b\u8bed\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u8bed\u3001\u5370\u5730\u8bed<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u7b49\u7b49\uff08\u6ce2\u65af\u8bed\u3001\u963f\u59c6\u54c8\u5c14\u8bed\u548c\u4e00\u4e24\u79cd\u522b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u9664\u5916\uff09\u2014\u2014\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5217\u5165\u8fd9\u91cc\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5982\u679c\u628a\u6839\u636e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6240\u5206\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u540c\u6839\u636e\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u6b21\u5e8f\u6240\u5206\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u662f\u9996\u5148\u7531\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u5199\u8fdb\u6587\u732e\u7684\uff0c\u89c1\u300a\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u6cd5\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\u300b\uff0c1963\uff09\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e00\u7c7b\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u6beb\u65e0\u4f8b\u5916\u90fd\u662f\u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\u578b\uff0c\u800c\u52a8\u8bcd\u6700\u540e\u7c7b\u578b\u5219\u662f\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u578b\uff08\u53ea\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u89c1\u4e0a\u6587\uff09\u3002\u53c8\u4e00\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5373\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u578b\uff1b\u867d\u7136\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\u578b\uff0c\u5982\u540c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u548c\u6240\u6709\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u3001\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u53ca\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u8a00\u90a3\u6837\u3002\uff08\u4e0d\u8fc7\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u5fb7\u8bed\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e24\u5904\u7834\u4f8b\u7528\u4e86\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff1a<em><i>the world over<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u201d\uff0c<em><i>die Strasse entlang<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u6cbf\u8857\u201d\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u524d\u4ecb\u8bcd\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5c31\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u5c5e\u4e0b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u6709\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u3001\u6ce2\u5229\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u591a\u79cd\u7f8e\u6d32\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u5f17\u62c9\u8bed\u3001\u7ea6\u9c81\u5df4\u8bed\u3001\u6240\u6709\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u65af\u74e6\u5e0c\u5229\u8bed\u548c\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u5728\u5185\uff09\u3001\u8d8a\u5357\u8bed\u3001\u9a6c\u6765\u8bed\u3001\u6ce2\u65af\u8bed\u3001\u963f\u5c14\u5df4\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bed\u548c\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8bf4\u6240\u6709\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>4.8 \u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u6709\u4e86\u5bf9\u683c\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u8bcd\u91cc\uff0c\u5404\u5f62\u4f4d\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u663e\u7136\u662f\u4e25\u683c\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u53e5\u5b50\u548c\u8bcd\u4e4b\u95f4\u8fd8\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u6784\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u77ed\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u7ed9\u201c\u77ed\u8bed\u201d\uff08\u6211\u5728\u4e0a\u65874.3\u5df2\u7ecf\u5f00\u59cb\u4f7f\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\uff09\u4e0b\u4e2a\u5b9a\u4e49\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6216\u591a\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u7684\u3001\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5c0f\u53e5\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u53e5\u6cd5\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u672f\u8bed\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5148\u9a71\u8d39\u8fea\u5357\u00b7\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u9996\u5148\u91c7\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u5e7f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u5b83\uff0c\u6307\u8a00\u8bed\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u7ec4\u5408\u3002<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u201c\u77ed\u8bed\u201d\uff08<em><i>sintagmo<\/i><\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u8bcd\u6765\u81ea\u6cd5\u8bed <em><i>syntagme<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u82f1\u8bed\u7684 <em><i>phrase<\/i><\/em>\u3002<sup>\u2461<\/sup>\u5728\u5f53\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff08\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff09\u9650\u4e8e\u7528\u5b83\u6765\u6307\u8bcd\u7ec4\uff0c\u5373PIV\u6240\u8bf4\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u53e5\u6cd5\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u3002\u6309\u7167\u751f\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5c0f\u53e5\u6216\u7b80\u5355\u53e5\u7531\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08SS\uff09\u548c\u52a8\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08VS\uff09\u4e24\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\uff1a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u8d77\u4e3b\u8bed\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u8d77\u8c13\u8bed\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u6709\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u590d\u7531\u51e0\u90e8\u5206\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u52a8\u8bcd\u548c\u8d77\u5bbe\u8bed\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u6211\u4eec\u7c97\u7565\u5730\u8c08\u8fc7\u201c\u4e3b\u8bed\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5bbe\u8bed\u201d\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5047\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u4e00\u822c\u53ea\u7531\u540d\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u3002\u66f4\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u7531\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6709\u51a0\u8bcd\u6216\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u3001\u6570\u8bcd\u3001\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\uff1b\u800c\u8fd9\u6574\u4e2a\u590d\u5408\u4f53\u5360\u636e\u7684\u662f\u4e3b\u8bed\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u7b49\u7b49\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u90a3\u8ddf\u5728\u4ecb\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u8bf4\u6765\u4e0d\u662f\u5355\u4e00\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u88684\u662f\u7528\u751f\u6210\u6d3e\u8bed\u6cd5\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u56fe\u5bf9\u51e0\u4e2a\u5178\u578b\u7684\u53ca\u7269\u52a8\u8bcd\u53e5\u5b50\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u53e5\u6cd5\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5b83\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e0b\u9762\u4e00\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u6837\u672c\uff1a<em><i>la hundo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u72d7\uff09\uff0c<em><i>\u0109i tiu sinjoro<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u8fd9\u4f4d\u5148\u751f\uff09\uff0c<em><i>tri junaj esperantistoj<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u4e09\u4e2a\u5e74\u8f7b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8005\uff09\uff0c<em><i>kongresano<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5927\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\uff09\uff0c<em><i>Petro<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5f7c\u5f97\uff09\uff0c<em><i>mi<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u6211\uff09\uff0c<em><i>la katon<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u732b\uff09\uff0c<em><i>tiun leteron<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u90a3\u5c01\u4fe1\uff09\uff0c<em><i>neniun<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\uff09\uff0c<em><i>la atakon kontra\u016d la banko<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5bf9\u94f6\u884c\u7684\u653b\u51fb\uff09\uff0c<em><i>\u0109ion, kio okazis tiun matenon<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u90a3\u5929\u65e9\u4e0a\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u4e8b\u60c5\uff09\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4ee3\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\uff08<em><i>mi<\/i><\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u7531\u540d\u8bcd\uff08\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6709\u5404\u79cd\u8868\u793a\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u8bcd\u8bed\uff09\u6784\u6210\uff1a<em><i>hundo<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5e26\u51a0\u8bcd <em><i>la<\/i><\/em>\uff09\uff0c<em><i>sinjoro<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5e26\u6307\u793a\u8bcd <em><i>\u0109i tiu<\/i><\/em>\uff09\uff0c<em><i>esperantistoj<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5e26\u6570\u8bcd <em><i>tri<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u548c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd <em><i>junaj<\/i><\/em>\uff09\uff0c<em><i>kongresano<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5355\u7528\uff09\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u7528\u300a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u7684\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u6784\u6210\u6838\u5fc3\u8bcd\uff08\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\uff09\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\u7684\u8bcd\u662f\u8fd9\u6838\u5fc3\u8bcd\u7684\u201c\u7279\u5f81\u6807\u8bb0\u201d\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u51a0\u8bcd\u3001\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u3001\u6570\u8bcd\u3001\u5b9a\u8bed\u6216\u8865\u52a0\u8bed<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\u662f\u600e\u6837\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u5b83\u662f\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u51a0\u8bcd <em><i>la<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u4e00\u5f8b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\uff1a<em><i>la hundo, la leteron<\/i><\/em>\u3002\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u5fb7\u8bed\u3001\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u548c\u522b\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u4e5f\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u6709\u82e5\u5e72\u8bed\u8a00\u628a\u51a0\u8bcd\u653e\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e39\u9ea6\u8bed\u3001\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bed\u3001\u9a6c\u5176\u987f\u8bed\u548c\u4fdd\u52a0\u5229\u4e9a\u8bed\u3002\uff08\u745e\u5178\u8bed\u7adf\u628a\u5b83\u653e\u5728\u4e24\u8fb9\uff01\u5982 <em><i>det stora skeppet<\/i><\/em>\u3014\u65e7\u8239\u3015\u3002\uff09\u6211\u89c9\u5f97\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u51a0\u8bcd\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u7262\u7262\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e86\u7684\uff1a\u8bf4 *<em><i>hundo la<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u6216 *<em><i>leteron la<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u8fdd\u53cd\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u51e0\u4e4e\u4ece\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u6df7\u6dc6\u3002\u4f3c\u4e4e\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u5012\u88c5\u7ed3\u6784\u662f\u5728\u4eba\u540d\u540e\u7684 <em><i>la<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u52a0\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u6216\u5e8f\u6570\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 <em><i>Re\u011do Ludoviko la Dekkvara<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u56fd\u738b\u8def\u6613\u5341\u56db\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51a0\u8bcd\u662f\u9650\u5b9a\u8bcd\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9650\u5b9a\u8bcd\u662f\u7269\u4e3b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff08<em><i>mia<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u6211\u7684\uff0c<em><i>via<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u4f60\u4eec\u7684\uff0c<em><i>sia<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u5979\u7684\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\uff0c\u6307\u793a\u4ee3\u8bcd\uff08<em><i>tiu<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u90a3\u4e2a\uff0c<em><i>tia<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u90a3\u6837\u7684\uff09\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u4f59\u7684\u201c\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u8868\u201d\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u6216\u51c6\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\uff08<em><i>kiu<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u54ea\u4e2a\uff0c<em><i>kia<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u600e\u6837\u7684\uff0c<em><i>kies<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u8c01\u7684\uff0c<em><i>\u0109iu<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u6bcf\u4e2a\u3001\u4e00\u5207\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u90fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u666e\u901a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u53c8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\uff1a<em><i>miaj kvar amikoj<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u6211\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\uff09\uff0c<em><i>du grandaj arboj<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u4e24\u68f5\u5927\u6811\uff09\uff0c<em><i>la tri kongresejojn<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u90a3\u4e09\u4e2a\u5927\u4f1a\u5385\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u8bd7\u6b4c\u91cc\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u6570\u8bcd\u653e\u5728\u540e\u9762\u3002\u6839\u636e\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u610f\u89c1\uff081963:87\uff09\uff0c\u5404\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u901a\u4f8b\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u6307\u793a\u8bcd\u3001\u6570\u8bcd\u3001\u63cf\u5199\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\u4e4b\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\u3001\u6216\u5168\u90e8\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\u5c31\u90fd\u91c7\u53d6\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e3b\u8981\u6b21\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u666e\u901a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u867d\u7136\u4e60\u60ef\u4e0a\u628a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u524d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u8bcd\u5e8f\u662f\u6709\u70b9\u81ea\u7531\u7684\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u540e\u7f6e\uff0c\u8fd9\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5f3a\u8c03\u5b83\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u6446\u5f04\u597d\u90a3\u4e9b\u957f\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u591a\u5b57\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff1a<em><i>homo malgrandanima kaj ege avara<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5668\u91cf\u72ed\u5c0f\u800c\u7231\u8d22\u5982\u547d\u7684\u4eba\uff09\uff0c<em><i>viza\u011do plena de cikatroj<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u6ee1\u662f\u4f24\u75d5\u7684\u8138\uff09\uff0c<em><i>ideo fantazia sed tamen interesa<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u79bb\u5947\u4f46\u53c8\u5341\u5206\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff09\u3002\u8981\u4fee\u9970\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\u8868\u91cc\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u540d\u8bcd\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7167\u4f8b\u662f\u5728\u540e\u9762\uff1a<em><i>okazis io stranga<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u201c\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u5947\u602a\u7684\u4e8b\u3002\u201d\u4e0d\u8bf4 <em><i>stranga io<\/i><\/em>\uff09\uff1b<em><i>ne \u0109io brilanta estas diamanto<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u95ea\u5149\u7684\u672a\u5fc5\u662f\u94bb\u77f3\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5728 <em><i>nenio<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u90a3\u91cc\uff0c\u8bcd\u5e8f\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u6539\u53d8\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff1b\u8bd5\u6bd4\u8f83 <em><i>Li man\u011dis nenion etan<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5c0f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u4ed6\u4e00\u70b9\u4e5f\u6ca1\u5403\uff09\u548c <em><i>Li man\u011dis etan nenion<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u4ed6\u5403\u4e86\u4e00\u70b9\u6b8b\u7fb9\u5269\u996d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u548c\u522b\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u5728\u6570\u548c\u683c\u65b9\u9762\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u548c\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\uff1a\u52a0\u5f3a\u4e86\u6240\u8c13\u8bed\u8a00\u5269\u4f59\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u590d\u6570\u5f62\u4f4d\u548c\u5bf9\u683c\u5f62\u4f4d\u5404\u53ea\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u97f3\u4f4d\u6784\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u9996\u4f4d\u53c8\u662f\u8f85\u97f3\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u6709\u566a\u97f3\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u591a\u534a\u662f\u96be\u4e8e\u542c\u8fa8\u7684\uff1b\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u5728\u4fee\u9970\u76f8\u5e94\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u91cc\u91cd\u590d\u51fa\u73b0\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\u542c\u8005\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u673a\u4f1a\u6b63\u786e\u5730\u542c\u8fa8\u8bf4\u8005\u7684\u8bdd\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u8fd9\u79cd\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u534f\u8c03\u8fd8\u4f7f\u8bcd\u5e8f\u53d8\u5f97\u9887\u4e3a\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u5e76\u672a\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u5373\u6211\u4eec\u672c\u6765\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4e2d\u63d2\u8fdb\u522b\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u800c\u4e0d\u81f4\u5f15\u8d77\u6df7\u6dc6\uff09\u3002\u88685\u91cc\u7684\u53e5\u5b50 <em><i>Mi estas certa, ke brilan vi havos sukceson<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u6211\u6df1\u4fe1\u4f60\u5c06\u53d6\u5f97\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff09\u8868\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a\u628a\u4f5c\u76f4\u63a5\u5bbe\u8bed\u7528\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08<em><i>brilan sukceson<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u5353\u8d8a\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u201d\uff09\u4ece\u4e2d\u95f4\u7834\u5f00\uff0c\u63d2\u8fdb\u4e3b\u8bed\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08<em><i>vi<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u4f60\u201d\uff09\u548c\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08<em><i>havos<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u6709\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5728\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u8bd7\u6b4c\u91cc\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5927\u91cf\u5229\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u51fa\u73b0\u6781\u5176\u9519\u7efc\u590d\u6742\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u6765\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f15\u8d77\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u88686\u6240\u793a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u88685<\/b><\/strong>\uff08<em><i>Mi estas certa, ke<\/i><\/em>\uff09<em><i>brilan vi havos sukceson.<\/i><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\uff3b\u6811\u5f62\u56fe\u793a\u610f\uff1aF\uff08\u53e5\u5b50\uff09\u2192 SS\uff08<em><i>vi<\/i><\/em>\uff09+ VS\uff08<em><i>havos<\/i><\/em>\u00a0+ SS\u3014<em><i>brilan sukceson<\/i><\/em>\u3015\uff09\uff1b\u5176\u4e2d <em><i>brilan<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u4e0e <em><i>sukceson<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u540c\u5c5e\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u62c6\u5f00\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u3002\uff3d<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u88686<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><i>Portitor has horrendus aquas et flumina servat<\/i><\/em><br \/>\n\u201c\u6446\u6e21\u4eba\/\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3014\u590d\u3001\u5bf9\u3015\/\u53ef\u6015\u7684\/\u6c34\u3014\u590d\u3001\u5bf9\u3015\/\u548c\/\u6cb3\u3014\u590d\u3001\u5bf9\u3015\/\u4f8d\u5019\u201d\uff08\u4e00\u4e2a\u9762\u76ee\u72f0\u72de\u7684\u6446\u6e21\u4eba\u5b88\u5019\u7740\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6cb3\u6c34\uff09<br \/>\n\u2014\u2014\u7ef4\u5409\u5c14\uff1a\u300a\u57c3\u6d85\u4e9a\u7279\u300bvi 298<\/p>\n<p>\u74e6\u5229\u5b89\uff08Vallienne 1906\uff09\u8bd1\u8bd7\u65f6\u6709\u51e0\u5206\u6a21\u62df\u8fd9\u79cd\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5934\u51e0\u884c\u8bd1\u8bd7\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u88687<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><i>Iam mi kiu sur fluto kampara malpezajn kantadis<\/i><\/em><br \/>\n\u66fe\/\u6211\/\uff08\u672c\u4eba\uff09\/\u5728\/\u7b1b\u5b50\/\u519c\u6751\u7684\/\u8f7b\u5feb\u7684\u3014\u590d\u3001\u5bf9\u3015\/\u5531\u8fc7<\/p>\n<p><em><i>Versojn, kaj poste, lasinte arbarojn, en verkoj poetaj<\/i><\/em><br \/>\n\u8bd7\u53e5\u3014\u590d\u3001\u5bf9\u3015\/\uff0c\uff08\u800c\uff09\/\u540e\/\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\/\u6811\u6797\/\uff0c\u5728\/\u4f5c\u54c1\/\u8bd7\u4eba\u7684<\/p>\n<p><em><i>Donis konsilojn por ke rikoltisto de sia laboro<\/i><\/em><br \/>\n\u63d0\u4f9b\/\u6307\u5bfc\/\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u4f7f\/\u6536\u5272\u8005\/\u4ece\/\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\/\u52b3\u52a8<\/p>\n<p><em><i>Grandan ricevu kompenson;&#8230;<\/i><\/em><sup>\u2460<\/sup><br \/>\n\u5927\u7684\u3014\u5355\u3001\u5bf9\u3015\/\u5f97\u5230\/\u62a5\u507f\u3014\u5355\u3001\u5bf9\u3015<\/p>\n<p>\uff08\u6211\u7528\u6751\u7b1b\u5531\u51fa\u8fc7\u8f7b\u66f2\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u6811\u6797\uff0c\u6211\u66fe\u4ee5\u8bd7\u4f5c\u63d0\u4f9b\u6307\u5bfc\uff0c\u4ee5\u671f\u8015\u79cd\u8005\u4ece\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u5927\u62a5\u507f\u2026\u2026\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5947\u602a\u7684\u98ce\u683c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u964c\u751f\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u91cc\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8d2f\u5f7b\u8fd9\u4e48\u4e00\u6761\u539f\u5219\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u4e0e\u540c\u5b83\u76f4\u63a5\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6210\u5206\u4e3a\u90bb\u3002<sup>\u2461<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u548c\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\u662f\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8003\u8651\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd+\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u6bd4\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd+\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u591a\u5c11\u5e38\u89c1\u4e9b\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u662f\u548c\u5c11\u6570\uff08\u7136\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5c11\u6570\uff09\u8bed\u8a00\u7ad9\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u513f\u2014\u2014\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u82ac\u5170-\u4e4c\u6208\u5c14\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6c49\u8bed\u548c\u65e5\u8bed\u3001\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u53ca\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u8fbe\u7f57\u6bd7\u8336\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u7ad9\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5757\u513f\uff1b\u800c\u79bb\u5f00\u4e86\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u95ea\u7c73\u7279\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u51ef\u5c14\u7279\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5728\u51ef\u5c14\u7279\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u6709\u51e0\u4e2a\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u662f\u4e00\u822c\u8bcd\u5e8f\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u4f8b\u5916\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u4eec\u8dd1\u5230\u540d\u8bcd\u524d\u9762\u53bb\u4e86\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684 <em><i>une petite voiture<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u5c0f\u9a6c\u8f66\u201d\uff08\u6bd4\u8f83 <em><i>une voiture publique<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u516c\u5171\u9a6c\u8f66\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\u7684 <em><i>yr hen ddyn<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u8001\u5934\u513f\u201d\uff08\u4f46\u662f <em><i>y dyn tal<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u9ad8\u4e2a\u5b50\u201d\uff09\u3002\u8c61\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7279\u6709\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u548c\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u8bcd\u5e8f\uff0c\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u5c11\u89c1\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>4.9 \u53f3\u5411\u5206\u652f\u548c\u5de6\u5411\u5206\u652f<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4e2d\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u6210\u5206\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u7684\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\uff08\u300a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5168\u4e66\u300b\u79f0\u4e3a\u201c\u8865\u52a0\u8bed\u201d\uff09\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ecb\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08\u201c\u524d\u7f6e\u683c\u540d\u8bcd\u201d\uff09\u548c\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\uff08\u5b9a\u8bed\u4ece\u53e5\uff09\u3002\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5728\u6709\u5173\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\uff1a\uff08<em><i>Li estas<\/i><\/em>\uff09<em><i>amiko de mia patro<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u201c\u4ed6\u662f\uff09\u6211\u7238\u7238\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c *\uff08<em><i>Li estas<\/i><\/em>\uff09<em><i>de mia patro amiko<\/i><\/em>\uff1b\uff08<em><i>Jen<\/i><\/em>\uff09<em><i>letero, kiun mi \u0135us trovis<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u201c\u8fd9\u662f\uff09\u6211\u521a\u624d\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u4fe1\u201d\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f5c *\uff08<em><i>Jen,<\/i><\/em>\uff09<em><i>kiun mi \u0135us trovis, letero<\/i><\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5927\u7ea6\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5927\u7ea6\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u91c7\u53d6\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff1a\u5373\u628a\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\u653e\u5728\u5b83\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5141\u8bb8\u5b83\u53d8\u901a\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u5df4\u65af\u514b\u8bed\u3001\u65e5\u8bed\u548c\u571f\u8033\u5176\u8bed\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u5b83\u524d\u7f6e\u7684\uff1b\u82ac\u5170\u8bed\u662f\u5141\u8bb8\u524d\u7f6e\u7684\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u628a\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\u653e\u5728\u5b83\u6240\u4fee\u9970\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u52a8\u8bcd\u6700\u540e\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u52a8\u8bcd\u6700\u540e\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5176\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\u662f\u7f6e\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u3002\uff09\u8fd9\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5+\u540d\u8bcd\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0aSOV\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4f7f\u5df4\u65af\u514b\u8bed\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u8bed\u6216\u65e5\u8bed\u7684\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u4e4b\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u548c\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u663e\u51fa\u8fe5\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u4eec\u4e14\u6765\u770b <em><i>Johano legis la libron, kiun Maria verkis<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u7ea6\u7ff0\u8bfb\u4e86\u739b\u4e3d\u5199\u7684\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\uff09\u8fd9\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u7531\u4e24\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u7ec4\u5408\u800c\u6210\uff1a(i) <em><i>Johano legis la libron<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u7ea6\u7ff0\u8bfb\u4e86\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\uff09\uff1b(ii) <em><i>Maria verkis la libron<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u739b\u4e3d\u5199\u4e86\u90a3\u672c\u4e66\uff09\u3002\u51a0\u8bcd\u95ee\u9898\u7565\u53bb\u4e0d\u8c08\u3002\u7528\u751f\u6210\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u4e13\u95e8\u672f\u8bed\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53e5\u8bdd\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u9020\u6210 <em><i>Johano legis la libron, kiun Maria verkis<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u8fd9\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u800c\u5d4c\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u90e8\u5206\u91cc\u53bb\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740 <em><i>la libron, kiun Maria verkis<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u5373\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\u4f5c\u5bbe\u8bed\u7528\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff09\u672c\u8eab\u5305\u542b\u7740\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u53e5\uff0c\u5373\u53e5\u5b50(ii)\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u662f\u6709\u5185\u5d4c\u53e5\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u5f62\u53ef\u4ee5\u56fe\u793a\u5982\u88688\uff1a\u6574\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\uff08F\uff09\u7531\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08SS\uff09\u548c\u52a8\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08VS\u2081\uff09\u6784\u6210\u3002\u540e\u8005\u53c8\u7531\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08V\uff09\u548c\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08SS\uff09\u6784\u6210\uff1b\u8fd9\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u672c\u8eab\u53c8\u5305\u542b\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08SS\uff0c\u5373 <em><i>la libron<\/i><\/em>\uff09\u548c\u5185\u5d4c\u53e5\uff08Fii\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5185\u5d4c\u53e5\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5373\u5305\u542b\u7740\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08SS\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u72ec\u8bcd <em><i>Maria<\/i><\/em>\uff09\u548c\u52a8\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08VS\u2082\uff09\uff1b\u540e\u8005\u518d\u7531\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08V\uff09\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08SS\uff09\u6784\u6210\u3002\u5d4c\u5165\u673a\u5236\u628aSS\u53d8\u6210\u540c\u683c\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd <em><i>kiun<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u5b83\u79fb\u5230Fii\u7684\u524d\u9762\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\u8868\u793a\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u662f\uff1a\u30e8\u30cf\u30f3\u306f\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u304c\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\uff08\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u7ea6\u7ff0\/\u63d0\u793a\u52a9\u8bcd\/\u739b\u4e3d\/\u4e3b\u683c\u52a9\u8bcd\/\u5199\u4e86\/\u4e66\/\u300c\u5bf9\u300d\u683c\u52a9\u8bcd\/\u8bfb\u4e86\u201d\uff09\u3002\u5b83\u628a\u5c0f\u53e5(i) \u30e8\u30cf\u30f3\u304c\u672c\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\uff08\u7ea6\u7ff0\/\u4e3b\u683c\u52a9\u8bcd\/\u4e66\/\u300c\u5bf9\u300d\u683c\u52a9\u8bcd\/\u8bfb\u4e86\uff09\u548c(ii) \u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u304c\u672c\u3092\u66f8\u3044\u305f\uff08\u739b\u4e3d\/\u4e3b\u683c\u52a9\u8bcd\/\u4e66\/\u300c\u5bf9\u300d\u683c\u52a9\u8bcd\/\u5199\u4e86\uff09\u7ed3\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u7b2c\u4e8c\u53e5\u5d4c\u5165\u7b2c\u4e00\u53e5\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bdd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u88689\u7684\u6811\u5f62\u56fe\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff1b\u90a3\u513f\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u63a5\u6210\u5206\uff08\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u201c\u8282\u70b9\u201d\uff09\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u548c\u88688\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4e49\u6210\u5206\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e5\u8bed\u4e0d\u7528\u5173\u7cfb\u8bcd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f53Fii\u5d4c\u5165\u65f6\uff0cSSs\u5c31\u6d88\u5931\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6210\u5206\u7684\u79fb\u4f4d\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5185\u5d4c\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\uff08Fii\uff09\u4f4d\u4e8e\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u5728\u65e5\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u4f4d\u4e8e\u4e2d\u95f4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4e3b\u53e5\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08F\u2080\u7684V\uff09\u5fc5\u987b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4ea7\u751f\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5d4c\u5165\u67d0\u4e2a\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5185\u5d4c\u7740\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u540e\u4e00\u4e2a\u77ed\u8bed\u81ea\u5df1\u53c8\u53ef\u80fd\u5305\u542b\u7740\u5185\u5d4c\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u8bf4\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7a77\u5c3d\u7684\u3002\uff08\u6211\u8bb0\u5f97\u5df2\u6545\u7684\u5c3c\u53e4\u62c9\u00b7\u5362\u8328\u79d1\u592b\u66fe\u7ecf\u4e00\u518d\u5f15\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<em><i>Jen la kato, kiu man\u011dis la raton, kiu man\u011dis la muson, kiu man\u011dis la froma\u011don, kiu estis en la domo konstruita de Jack.<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u53ea\u5403\u4e86\u90a3\u53ea\u5403\u4e86\u90a3\u53ea\u5403\u4e86\u653e\u5728\u6770\u514b\u76d6\u7684\u623f\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u5e72\u916a\u7684\u5c0f\u8001\u9f20\u7684\u5927\u8001\u9f20\u7684\u732b\u3002\u201d\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u886810<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>(i) <em><i>Putra estis la froma\u011do, kiun man\u011dis la rato, kiun mortigis la kato, kiun vidis Johano.<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u6216 <em><i>La froma\u011do, kiun &#8230;, estis putra<\/i><\/em>\uff09<\/p>\n<p>(ii) \u898b\u305f\u732b\u304c\u6bba\u3057\u305f\u9f20\u304c\u98df\u3079\u305f\u30c1\u30fc\u30ba\u306f\u8150\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(iii) *<em><i>The cheese the rat the cat John saw killed ate was rotten.<\/i><\/em><\/p>\n<p>(iv) *<em><i>Le fromage que le rat que le chat que Jean vit tua mangea \u00e9tait pourri.<\/i><\/em><\/p>\n<p>(v) <em><i>It was rotten, the cheese eaten by the rat which was killed by the cat John saw.<\/i><\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u8bd5\u770b\u886810\u91cc\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u8bed(10i)\u5177\u6709\u521a\u624d\u8bf4\u8fc7\u7684\u90a3\u79cd\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u4ece\u53e5\uff0c\u5373\u6bcf\u4e2a\u65b0\u5d4c\u5165\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\uff0c\u90fd\u5411\u53f3\u751f\u679d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5b83\u90fd\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5176\u4f59\u7684\uff08\u5373\u65e7\u7684\uff09\u53e5\u5b50\u4e4b\u540e\uff1b\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ece\u886811\u7684\u56fe\u5f62\u770b\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u53e5\u5b50(10ii)\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u610f\u601d\u7684\u65e5\u8bed\u8bf4\u6cd5\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u5206\u679d\u662f\u5411\u5de6\u8d70\u7684\uff08\u89c1\u886812\uff09\uff1b\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u65e5\u8bed\u91cc\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5c0f\u53e5\uff08F\u2080\uff0cF\u2081\uff0cF\u2082\uff0cF\u2083\uff09\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5fc5\u987b\u4f4d\u4e8e\u53e5\u5c3e\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u628a\u8c61\u65e5\u8bed\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53eb\u505a\u5de6\u5411\u5206\u652f\uff08<em><i>livobran\u0109a<\/i><\/em>\uff09\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c<sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u589e\u751f\u7684\u5206\u679d\u90fd\u662f\u5411\u5de6\u7684\u3002\u800c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5927\u591a\u6570\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e00\u5982\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u662f\u53f3\u5411\u5206\u652f\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u886811 \u53f3\u5411\u5206\u652f\uff08\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\uff09<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\uff3b\u6811\u5f62\u56fe\u793a\u610f\uff1aF \u2192 VS\uff08<em><i>Putra estis<\/i><\/em>\uff09+ SS\uff08<em><i>la froma\u011do<\/i><\/em>\u00a0+ F\u2081\u3014<em><i>kiun man\u011dis la rato<\/i><\/em>\u00a0+ F\u2082\u3014<em><i>kiun mortigis la kato<\/i><\/em>\u00a0+ F\u2083\u3014<em><i>kiun vidis Johano<\/i><\/em>\u3015\u3015\u3015\uff09\u3002\u5404\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\u4f9d\u6b21\u5411\u53f3\u5d4c\u5165\u3002\uff3d<\/p>\n<p><em><i>Putra estis la froma\u011do, kiun man\u011dis la rato, kiun mortigis la kato, kiun vidis Johano.<\/i><\/em><br \/>\n\uff08\u7ea6\u7ff0\u6240\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u732b\u6240\u54ac\u6b7b\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u6240\u5403\u6389\u7684\u5e72\u916a\u662f\u574f\u7684\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u886812 \u5de6\u5411\u5206\u652f\uff08\u65e5\u8bed\uff09<\/b><\/strong><br \/>\n\u636e\u4e45\u91ce\u66b2\uff08Kuno 1973\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\uff3b\u6811\u5f62\u56fe\u793a\u610f\uff1aF\u2080 \u2192 SS\uff08F\u2081\u3014SS\uff08F\u2082\u3014SS\uff08F\u2083\u3014<em><i>Johan ga mita<\/i><\/em>\u3015<em><i>neko ga korosita<\/i><\/em>\u3015<em><i>nezumi ga tabeta<\/i><\/em>\u3015<em><i>tiizu wa<\/i><\/em>\uff09+ VS\uff08<em><i>kusatte-ita<\/i><\/em>\uff09\uff09\u3002\u5404\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\u4f9d\u6b21\u5411\u5de6\u5d4c\u5165\u3002\uff3d<\/p>\n<p>\u30e8\u30cf\u30f3\u304c\/\u898b\u305f\/\u732b\u304c\/\u6bba\u3057\u305f\/\u9f20\u304c\/\u98df\u3079\u305f\/\u30c1\u30fc\u30ba\u306f\/\u8150\u3063\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<br \/>\n\uff08<em><i>Johan ga\/mita\/neko ga\/korosita\/nezumi ga\/tabeta\/tiizu wa\/kusatte-ita.<\/i><\/em>\uff09<br \/>\n\u7ea6\u7ff0\u770b\u89c1\u7684\u732b\u54ac\u6b7b\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u5403\u6389\u7684\u5e72\u916a\u662f\u574f\u4e86\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>(10ii)\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u5728\u65e5\u8bed\u91cc\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u6b63\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u53e5\u5b50(10i)\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u8bf4\u5f97\u901a\u7684\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u8fd9\u53ea\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u4eec\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5b83\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u4ece\u53e5\u91cc\u4f7f\u7528OVS\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\uff08\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u628aVS\u653e\u5728\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u6027SS\u4e4b\u524d\uff09\u3002\u5047\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u8bf4\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u4ece\u53e5\u91cc\u6b7b\u5b88\u7740SVO\uff08\u6216OSV\uff09\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\uff0c\u53e5\u5b50\u5c31\u4f1a\u662f\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u4e86\uff1a*<em><i>La froma\u011do, kiun la kato, kiun la rato, kiun Johano vidis, mortigis, man\u011dis, estis putra.<\/i><\/em>\u6211\u4eec\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528OVS\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528OVS\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\uff1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\u4e2d\u8bcd\u5e8f\u5fc5\u987b\u662fOSV\uff08\u6b63\u597d\u662f\u521a\u624d\u90a3\u4e2a\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u6837\u5b50\uff09\u3002\u6240\u4ee5(10iii)\u548c(10iv)\u91cc\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u53e5\u5b50\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\u3002\u60f3\u628a(10i)\u6216(10ii)\u7528\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u5982\u5b9e\u7ffb\u8bd1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u6240\u8c13\u81ea\u5d4c\u7ed3\u6784\u3002\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e3a\u6c42\u8fbe\u610f\uff0c\u5e94\u5f53\u628a\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u628a\u52a8\u8bcd\u6539\u4e3a\u88ab\u52a8\u6001\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u628a\u522b\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u52a0\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u5c31\u8c61(10v)\u90a3\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e48\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u601d\u8def\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e0d\u80fd\u5982\u5b9e\u5730\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u8bed\u6216\u6cd5\u8bed\u3002\u540c\u7406\uff0c\u82f1\u8bed\u6216\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u53e5\u5b50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u8bd1\u6210\u65e5\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982 <em><i>John read the letter Mary wrote to the boy Sophie loved<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u7ea6\u7ff0\u8bfb\u4e86\u739b\u4e3d\u5199\u7ed9\u7d22\u83f2\u6240\u7231\u7684\u5c0f\u4f19\u5b50\u7684\u4fe1\uff09\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u8bd1\u6210 *\u30e8\u30cf\u30f3\u304c\u30de\u30ea\u30a2\u304c\u30bd\u30d5\u30a3\u30a2\u304c\u611b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u5c11\u5e74\u306b\u66f8\u3044\u305f\u624b\u7d19\u3092\u8aad\u3093\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e00\u5207\u8868\u660e\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\uff08\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u53f3\u5411\u5206\u652f\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u5176\u7236\u6bcd\u8bed\u662f\u65e5\u8bed\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u8bed\u6216\u5176\u4ed6\u5de6\u5411\u5206\u652f\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u8005\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u4e0d\u4fbf\u7684\u3002\u540c\u6837\u5730\uff0c\u65e5\u8bed\u6216\u571f\u8033\u5176\u8bed\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ee5\u53f3\u5411\u5206\u652f\u8bed\u8a00\u4e3a\u7236\u6bcd\u8bed\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2a\u5927\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u52bf\u5c06\u4e0d\u514d\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u8fc7\u6211\u8981\u518d\u8bf4\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5927\u7ea6\u56db\u5206\u4e4b\u4e09\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u53f3\u5411\u5206\u652f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u53e5\u6cd5\u8d85\u8fc7\u82f1\u8bed\u6216\u6cd5\u8bed\u53e5\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u4f18\u8d8a\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u4e8e\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u6b21\u5e8f\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u886810\u91cc\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u6709\u70b9\u65e5\u672c\u5f0f\u601d\u8def\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\u662f\u8bf4\u5f97\u901a\u7684\uff1b\u4f46\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u4e2d\u5c31\u4e0d\u901a\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u8fd9\u79cd\u81ea\u7531\u6b21\u5e8f\u672c\u8eab\u4f9d\u8d56\u4e8e\u683c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5373\u5bf9\u683c\u5f62\u4f4d\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b66\u4e60\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u6216\u571f\u8033\u5176\u4eba\u5c45\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u886810\u8fd9\u79cd\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\u4fdd\u7559\u5185\u5d4c\u5c0f\u53e5\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5fc5\u987b\u98a0\u5012\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5185\u5d4c\u5c0f\u53e5\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u3002\u5c31\u82f1\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u9020\u51fa\u4f7f\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5c0f\u53e5\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e00\u4e2a\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u5d4c\u5165\uff1b\u5b66\u4e60\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u4eba\u5fc5\u987b\u5b66\u4f1a\u907f\u514d\u90a3\u6837\u5b89\u6392\u5c0f\u53e5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5b66\u4f1a\u6309\u7167(10v)\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u53e6\u5916\u5b89\u6392\u5c0f\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>4.10 \u5173\u4e8e\u53e5\u6cd5\u7684\u603b\u7ed3<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>\u5728\u201c\u53e5\u6cd5\u5b66\u201d\u7684\u5927\u6807\u9898\u4e0b\u6211\u672c\u6765\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba8\u8bba\u8bb8\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u4e8e\u672c\u4e66\u6765\u8bf4\u8c08\u5230\u73b0\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u5728\u53e5\u6cd5\u91cc\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u8868\u9762\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e26\u6765\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8499\u8fbe\u53e4\u00b7\u535c\u5f97\u52d2\u66fe\u7ecf\u8bf4\u8fc7\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u5982\u5728\u82f1\u8bed\u4e2d\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\u662f\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u987a\u5e8f\u3002\u201d\u6211\u5df2\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bc1\u660e\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u5e76\u4e0d\u5982\u6b64\u7b80\u5355\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u5df2\u8bd5\u56fe\u8bf4\u660e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u65e5\u672c\u540c\u5fd7\u80af\u5b9a\u4e0d\u81f4\u4f5c\u51fa\u5982\u6b64\u5929\u771f\u7684\u65ad\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u62ec\u672c\u7ae0\u91cc\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u5982\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u53e5\u6cd5\u4ece\u5927\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u4e0a\u770b\u662f\u5177\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u6027\u7684\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6700\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a\u52a8\u8bcd\u7b2c\u4e8c\u3001\u4ecb\u8bcd\u524d\u7f6e\u3001\u53f3\u5411\u5206\u652f\u3002\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u6e90\u51fa\u6b27\u6d32\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5e7f\u4e3a\u5e94\u7528\u7684\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u4fc4\u8bed\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u3001\u5fb7\u8bed\u548c\u6cd5\u8bed\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u5982\u6b64\u5206\u6563\u3001\u8c31\u7cfb\u4e0a\u5982\u6b64\u6b67\u5f02\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982\u975e\u6d32\u7684\u65af\u74e6\u5e0c\u5229\u8bed\u3001\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4e1c\u5357\u4e9a\u7684\u9a6c\u6765-\u5370\u5ea6\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u8bed\u548c\u8d8a\u5357\u8bed\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u7f8e\u6d32\u7684\u739b\u96c5\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u53c8\u662f\u5f88\u7075\u6d3b\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u6709\u6bd4\u8f83\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n<h2><strong><b>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u53c2\u8003\u6750\u6599<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Greenberg 1963\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1bPullum 1977\uff1bKuno\uff08\u4e45\u91ce\uff091973\uff1bCollinson 1923\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4.1 \u5e0c\u4ec0\u5361\u6765\u5b89\u8bed\uff1aDerbyshire 1977\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4.5 Fillmore 1968\uff1bVaillant 1936\uff1bMachavariani 1970\uff0cDixon 1972\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4.6 \u4e16\u754c\u8bed\uff1aZamenhof 1963\uff1a111\uff1bKalocsay k Waringhien 1958\u20141964\uff1a\u00a7191\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\uff1aAwbery 1977\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u8bed\uff1aErben 1968\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4.7 \u5308\u7259\u5229\u8bed\uff1aHall 1938\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4.9 Kuno 1973\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4.10 \u535c\u5f97\u52d2\u7684\u8bba\u65ad\u89c1\u4e8e\u4ed6\u7684\u624b\u7a3f\u300a\u9ad8\u7ea7\u8bfe\u7a0b\u672d\u8bb0\u300b\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u534f\u4f1a\u56fe\u4e66\u9986\u85cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u5c0f\u53e5\uff08propozicio\uff09\u6307\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e3b\u8c13\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u53e5\u6cd5\u5355\u4f4d\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u82f1\u8bed\u7684 clause\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u8fd9\u516d\u79cd\u6b21\u5e8f\u662f\u5c31\u4e3b\u8bed\uff08S\uff09\u3001\u52a8\u8bcd\uff08V\uff09\u3001\u5bbe\u8bed\uff08O\uff09\u4e09\u8005\u7684\u6392\u5217\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2461<\/sup>\u00a0\u540e\u6765\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728OSV\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6b21\u8981\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u4f46\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e3b\u8981\u6b21\u5e8f\u7684OSV\u8bed\u8a00\u5c1a\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u5a01\u5c14\u58eb\u8bed\u7684\u52a8\u8bcd\u5728\u53e5\u9996\uff0c\u6545\u4e3aVSO\u578b\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u8fd9\u53e5\u8bd7\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6b67\u4e49\u5728\u4e8e <em><i>holds<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u53ef\u80fd\u662f <em><i>air<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f <em><i>stillness<\/i><\/em>\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\uff08substantiva sintagmo\uff09\u662f\u4ee5\u540d\u8bcd\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bcd\u7684\u77ed\u8bed\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u5de5\u5177\u683c\uff08instrumentalo\uff09\u5728\u6ce2\u5170\u8bed\u3001\u4fc4\u8bed\u4e2d\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u8868\u8bed\uff0c\u5982\u4fc4\u8bed <em><i>\u043e\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u4ed6\u66fe\u662f\u6559\u5e08\uff09\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u548c\u5951\u5c14\u514b\u65af\u8bed\u8a00\u6307\u897f\u5317\u9ad8\u52a0\u7d22\u8bf8\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u8fd9\u91cc\u201c\u683c\u201d\u662f\u5728\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u7684\u5f62\u6001\u53d8\u5316\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8bed\u4e49\u683c\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u82f1\u8bed\u7684\u5c5e\u683c\uff08genitive\uff09\u53c8\u79f0\u6240\u6709\u683c\uff08possessive\uff09\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2461<\/sup>\u00a0\u5fb7\u8bed\u56db\u4e2a\u683c\u662f\u4e3b\u683c\u3001\u5c5e\u683c\u3001\u4e0e\u683c\u3001\u5bf9\u683c\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\uff08postpozicio\uff09\u53c8\u79f0\u540e\u7f6e\u8bcd\uff0c\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u77ed\u8bed\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2461<\/sup>\u00a0\u65e5\u8bed\u52a9\u8bcd\uff08joshi\uff09\u5305\u62ec\u683c\u52a9\u8bcd\u3001\u526f\u52a9\u8bcd\u3001\u63a5\u7eed\u52a9\u8bcd\u3001\u7ec8\u52a9\u8bcd\u7b49\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u7edf\u79f0\u540e\u7f6e\u5c0f\u8bcd\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u7684\u683c\u4f53\u7cfb\u5f88\u6709\u610f\u601d\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\uff08\u5373\u76f4\u683c\uff09\u540c\u65f6\u7528\u4e8e\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u5bbe\u8bed\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u683c\uff08\u659c\u683c\uff09\u7528\u4e8e\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\u2014\u2014\u539f\u6ce8\u3002\u3014\u8bd1\u6309\uff1a\u8bf7\u53c2\u770b4.5\u5173\u4e8e\u659c\u683c+\u540e\u4ecb\u8bcd=\u65bd\u52a8\u683c\u7684\u8bba\u8ff0\u3002\u3015<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u7d22\u7eea\u5c14\u5728\u300a\u666e\u901a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6559\u7a0b\u300b\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528 <em><i>syntagme<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u6307\u8a00\u8bed\u94fe\u4e2d\u7684\u7ec4\u5408\u5173\u7cfb\u5355\u4f4d\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2461<\/sup>\u00a0\u4e16\u754c\u8bed <em><i>sintagmo<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u82f1\u8bed <em><i>phrase<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u4f46\u6c49\u8bed\u201c\u77ed\u8bed\u201d\u6709\u65f6\u4e5f\u6307\u8bcd\u7ec4\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5305\u62ec\u6570\u91cf\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff08<em><i>kelka<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c<em><i>multa<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u8bb8\u591a\uff0c<em><i>malmulta<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u5c11\u6570\uff0c<em><i>pluraj<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u82e5\u5e72\uff09\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u50cf\u300a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5168\u4e66\u300b\uff08Kalocsay k Waringhien 1958\u20141964\uff1a\u00a775\uff09\u90a3\u6837\u628a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bcd\u770b\u6210\u9650\u5b9a\uff08\u5f62\u5bb9\uff09\u8bcd\u3002\u6570\u91cf\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4e0d\u540c\u4e8e\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u8bcd\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ddf\u5728\u51a0\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\uff1a<em><i>la multaj kongresanoj<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u90a3\u8bb8\u591a\u5927\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\uff09\uff0c<em><i>la malmulta atento, (kiun tiu propono ricevis)<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5efa\u8bae\u53d7\u5230\u7684\u201c\u90a3\u5f88\u5c11\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u201d\uff09\u4e4b\u7c7b\uff0c\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\u2014\u2014\u539f\u6ce8\u3002\u3014\u8bd1\u6309\uff1a\u7acb\u8de8\u7c7b\u7684\u9650\u5b9a\u8bcd\u4e00\u7c7b\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bb2\u89e3\u53e5\u6cd5\u7684\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u5f53\u4ece\u5a01\u5c14\u65af\u8bf4\u3002\u3015<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u6709\u65f6\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u78b0\u5230 <em><i>amiko mia<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u201c\u6211\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u4e4b\u4e00\u201d\uff08\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6307\uff1b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u8bed\u662f <em><i>a friend of mine<\/i><\/em>\uff09\uff1b\u5b83\u533a\u522b\u4e8e <em><i>mia amiko<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u6211\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u201d\uff08\u5b9a\u6307\uff1b\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u82f1\u8bed\u662f <em><i>my friend<\/i><\/em>\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u7528\u6cd5\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u524d\u7f6e\u7684\u7269\u4e3b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u5305\u542b\u7740\u5b9a\u51a0\u8bcd <em><i>la<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u800c\u540e\u8005\u5219\u5426\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4f1a\u4e0d\u4f1a\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u79cd\u533a\u522b\u5462\uff1f\u2014\u2014\u539f\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u74e6\u5229\u5b89\uff08Henri Vallienne\uff0c1854\u20141908\uff09\uff0c\u6cd5\u56fd\u4eba\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u3002\u6027\u597d\u6587\u5b66\uff0c\u665a\u5e74\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8005\uff0c\u521b\u4f5c\u8fc7\u957f\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\uff08\u4ed6\u662f\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u521b\u4f5c\u957f\u7bc7\u5c0f\u8bf4\u7684\u4eba\uff09\u3002\u4ed6\u628a\u53e4\u7f57\u9a6c\u8bd7\u4eba\u7ef4\u5409\u5c14\u7684\u540d\u8457\u300a\u57c3\u6d85\u4e9a\u7279\u300b\u8bd1\u6210\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u3002\u6309\u6b64\u5904\u6240\u5f15\u7684\u56db\u884c\u8bd7\uff08\u8bf4\u7684\u662f\u7ef4\u5409\u5c14\u66fe\u4f5c\u7267\u6b4c\u548c\u519c\u4e8b\u8bd7\u7684\u4e8b\uff09\u4e3a\u300a\u57c3\u6d85\u4e9a\u7279\u300b\u901a\u884c\u672c\u6240\u65e0\u3002\u636e\u4e13\u5bb6\u4eec\u8003\u8bc1\uff0c\u300a\u57c3\u6d85\u4e9a\u7279\u300b\u5f00\u7bc7\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bd7\u53e5\u3002\uff08\u53c2\u770b\u6768\u5468\u7ff0\u8bd1\u300a\u57c3\u6d85\u963f\u65af\u7eaa\u300b\uff0c\u4eba\u6c11\u6587\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e1984\u5e74\u7248\u3002\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2461<\/sup>\u00a0\u6309\u67f4\u95e8\u970d\u592b\u4e5f\u7528\u8fc7\u8fd9\u79cd\u53e5\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982 <em><i>kaj nian atingos ni celon<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fbe\u5230\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff09\uff0c\u89c1\u6240\u4f5c\u300a\u7eff\u5e06\u4e0b\u7684\u7948\u7977\u300b\u4e00\u8bd7\u3002\u51fa\u73b0\u7279\u6b8a\u8bcd\u5e8f\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<em><i>Mi vidis ludantaj la knabojn<\/i><\/em>\uff08= <em><i>Mi vidis la knabojn ludantaj<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u6211\u770b\u89c1\u7537\u5b69\u4eec\u5728\u73a9\u800d\uff09\u3002\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6b64\u53e5\u4e0d\u53ef\u8bf4\u6210 <em><i>Mi vidis la ludantaj knabojn<\/i><\/em>\uff1b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c <em><i>mi vidis la ludantajn knabojn<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u6211\u770b\u89c1\u5728\u73a9\u800d\u7740\u7684\u7537\u5b69\u4eec\uff09\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u52a8\u8bcd\u6700\u540e\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08SOV\uff09\u5e38\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u628a\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\u524d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u5e76\u975e\u7edd\u5bf9\uff0c\u5982\u5370\u5730\u8bed\u5173\u7cfb\u5c0f\u53e5\u4ecd\u5728\u540d\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0<em><i>livobran\u0109a<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u662f\u4f5c\u8005\u4eff <em><i>dekstrobran\u0109a<\/i><\/em>\uff08\u53f3\u5411\u5206\u652f\u7684\uff09\u9020\u7684\u65b0\u8bcd\uff0c<em><i>livo<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u610f\u4e3a\u201c\u5de6\u201d\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/esperantologio\/lingvistikaj-aspektoj-de-esperanto\/iv\/\">\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/lingvistikaj-aspektoj-de-esperanto\/\">\u56de\u76ee\u5f55<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/lingvistikaj-aspektoj-de-esperanto\/vi\/\">\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u53e5\u6cd5\u5b66 4.1 \u4ee5\u53e5\u5b50\u6210\u5206\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u4e3a\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66 \u6211\u4eec\u628a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u90e8\u95e8\u3002 \u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u2026 <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/esperantologio\/lingvistikaj-aspektoj-de-esperanto\/v\/\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb Legi pli &raquo;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":12821,"menu_order":5,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12836"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12836"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12836\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20933,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12836\/revisions\/20933"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12836"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}