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<\/a>1.1 \u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u8a00<\/h2>\n

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<\/a>1.2 \u8bed\u8a00\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6f14\u53d8<\/h2>\n

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\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u60f3\u5230\u8981\u79d1\u5b66\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u70b9\u4e1c\u897f\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5f00\u5934\u8fd8\u53ef\u80fd\u67d3\u4e0a\u5e7c\u7a1a\u75c5\u3002\u6b27\u6d32\u6700\u521d\u4e00\u6279\u5177\u6709\u79d1\u5b66\u7cbe\u795e\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u5728\u770b\u5230\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5b58\u5728\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u65f6\u5c31\u76f8\u4fe1\uff1a\u4ed6\u4eec\u81ea\u5df1\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u6216\u63a8\u5d07\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff0c\u6216\u8bb8\u8fd8\u6709\u5e0c\u4f2f\u6765\u8bed\u2014\u2014\u662f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u65e0\u7f3a\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u79cd\u6c11\u2022<\/rt>\u65cf\u2022<\/rt>\u4e2d\u2022<\/rt>\u5fc3\u2022<\/rt>\u8bba\u2022<\/rt><\/ruby>\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u89c2\u5360\u636e\u4e86\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u5728\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u91cc\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u548c\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u7279\u70b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u603b\u7231\u4f5c\u51fa\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5224\u65ad\uff1a\u8fd9\u662f\u201c\u539f\u59cb\u201d\uff08\u6216\u8005\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u662f\u201c\u8715\u5316\u201d\uff09\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u7684\u540d\u8bcd\u548c\u52a8\u8bcd\u5177\u6709\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7194\u5408\u5c48\u6298\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7194\u5408\u5c48\u6298\u5e94\u8be5\u53d7\u5230\u8d5e\u8d4f\uff1b\u800c\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u7c98\u5408\u8bcd\u8bed\u7ed3\u6784[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u5219\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u770b\u6210\u662f\u539f\u59cb\u601d\u7ef4\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u6807\u5fd7\uff0c\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u80fd\u5177\u4f53\u5730\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u8fdb\u884c\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u63a8\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u4ece\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e00\u76f4\u52301925\u5e74\u524d\u540e\u90fd\u5c45\u4e8e\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u540e\u6765\uff0c\u5728\u4e24\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u671f\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u5370\u6b27\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5e7f\u6cdb\u800c\u8ba4\u771f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u7f8e\u56fd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u6d32\u5370\u7b2c\u5b89\u4eba\u672c\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6b27\u6d32\u5bf9\u5f53\u65f6\u4e9a\u975e\u6b96\u6c11\u5730\u672c\u5730\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff09\u7684\u6210\u6548\u5f00\u59cb\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u76db\u884c\u7740\u4e00\u79cd\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u4e3b\u4e49\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u63cf\u2022<\/rt>\u5199\u2022<\/rt>\u7ecf\u2022<\/rt>\u9a8c\u2022<\/rt>\u4e3b\u2022<\/rt>\u4e49\u2022<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e94\u8be5\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5e26\u6210\u89c1\u5730\u53bb\u7740\u624b\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\uff0c\u51c6\u5907\u6309\u7167\u5b83\u672c\u6765\u7684\u9762\u8c8c\u548c\u7279\u70b9\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u548c\u63cf\u5199\u5b83\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u628a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u522b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8303\u7574\u5f3a\u52a0\u4e8e\u5b83\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u5df2\u7ecf\u5e7f\u4e3a\u4f20\u64ad\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u6001\u5ea6\u6bd4\u6c11\u65cf\u4e2d\u5fc3\u8bba\u6709\u7528\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u5728\u7ebd\u7ea6\u3001\u4f26\u6566\u3001\u5df4\u9ece\u548c\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u90fd\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u6574\u7fa4\u8ba4\u771f\u5730\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u72c2\u70ed\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u6781\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u9646\u7eed\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u597d\u4e9b\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8bf4\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4e0d\u89c1\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u97f3\u2026\u2026\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u8bed\u6cd5\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u683c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u3001\u65f6\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u79cd\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8bcd\u8bed\u7ed3\u6784\u2026\u2026\u4eba\u7c7b\u4e16\u754c\u89c2\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7ed3\u6784\u5316\u5dee\u5f02\u4f53\u73b0\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u548c\u8bed\u4e49\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u7ea6\u4ece1960\u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8fdb\u5165\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u79cd\u5373\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5171\u2022<\/rt>\u6027\u2022<\/rt>\u6bd4\u2022<\/rt>\u8f83\u2022<\/rt>\u6cd5\u2022<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\u5e76\u52aa\u529b\u8bc1\u5b9e\u6216\u6279\u9a73\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bbe\u4e3a\u7279\u70b9\u7684\u3002\u636e\u6211\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u9996\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u662f\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f00\u5c71\u4e4b\u4f5c\u300a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e1957\u5e74\uff0c\u4ece1960\u5e74\u8d77\uff08\u5982\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff09\u771f\u6b63\u5f00\u59cb\u6467\u6bc1\u7740\u524d\u6b64\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u754c\u5360\u636e\u7edf\u6cbb\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5b66\u6d3e\uff08\u540e\u5e03\u9f99\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49[3]<\/a><\/sup>\uff09\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9996\u8981\u4eba\u7269\u662f\u7ea6\u745f\u592b\u00b7\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\uff0c[4]<\/a><\/sup>\u4ed6\u7684\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u5f62\u6001\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u7684\u8ba1\u91cf\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u53d1\u8868\u4e8e1960\u5e74\u3002\uff08\u672c\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u53d7\u6b64\u6587\u542f\u53d1\u800c\u4f5c\u7684\u3002\uff09\u4e09\u5e74\u540e\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\u300b\uff0c\u6b64\u4e66\u7531\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u7f16\u8f91\uff0c\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u64b0\u5199\u4e86\u5176\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u5206\u3002\uff08\u672c\u4e66\u5176\u4f59\u5404\u7ae0\u591a\u6709\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e00\u8457\u4f5c\u542f\u53d1\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\uff08Noam Chomsky\uff0c1928\u2013\u2003\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b66\u9662\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u548c\u54f2\u5b66\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\u3002\u8457\u6709\u300a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7ed3\u6784\u300b\u3001\u300a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u95ee\u9898\u300b\u3001\u300a\u652f\u914d\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u300b\u7b49\u4e66\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8\u3002<\/a><\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u8bcd\u8bed\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u8d39\u5c14\u8c37\u900a\uff08C. A. Ferguson\uff09\u5728\u300a\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7b2c\u4e09\u5377\u5bfc\u8a00\u4e2d\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a1. \u8bcd\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff08\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u8303\u7574\uff1a\u8bcd\u7c7b\uff1b\u6b21\u8981\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u8303\u7574\uff1a\u6027\u3001\u6570\u3001\u683c\u3001\u65f6\u3001\u4f53\u7b49\uff09\uff1b2. \u8bcd\u7684\u5185\u90e8\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5f62\u3001\u97f3\u3001\u4e49\uff09\uff1b3. \u8bcd\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u5173\u7cfb\uff08\u8bcd\u548c\u8bcd\u7684\u642d\u914d\uff1b\u91cd\u8fed\uff0c\u53cc\u58f0\u8fed\u97f5\u3001\u62df\u58f0\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u6e38\u620f\u3001\u9ed1\u8bdd\u7b49\u201c\u6784\u8bcd\u6cd5\u548c\u53e5\u6cd5\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u5730\u5e26\u201d\uff09\uff1b4. \u8bcd\u6c47\u5316\u52a0\u5de5\uff08\u4e49\u7d20\u7684\u5206\u5408\u7b49\uff09\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u63cf\u5199\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\uff08\u7814\u7a76\u5171\u65f6\u8bed\u8a00\u73b0\u8c61\uff09\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u6d41\u6d3e\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\u5f62\u6210\u4e8e\u4e8c\u5341\u81f3\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u7ed3\u6784\u6d3e\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u5b66\u6d3e\uff08\u529f\u80fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u5b66\u6d3e\uff09\u3001\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u5b66\u6d3e\uff08\u8bed\u7b26\u5b66\u6d3e\uff09\u548c\u7f8e\u56fd\u63cf\u5199\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6d3e\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u89c2\u5ff5\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3e\u548c\u673a\u68b0\u4e3b\u4e49\u6d3e\uff09\u3002\u5e03\u9f99\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\uff08L. Bloomfield\uff0c1887\u20131949\uff09\u662f\u673a\u68b0\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e00\u6d3e\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u8005\u3002\u8ffd\u968f\u4ed6\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5168\u9762\u800c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4f53\u7cfb\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u540e\u5e03\u9f99\u83f2\u5c14\u5fb7\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u4e09\u5341\u81f3\u4e94\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u7f8e\u56fd\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u754c\u5360\u4e86\u4e3b\u5bfc\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d3e\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u5e38\u5927\u4e8e\u6b27\u6d32\u6d3e\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u5230\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49\u65f6\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u90fd\u6307\u7f8e\u56fd\u6d3e\uff0c\u7adf\u81f3\u4f7f\u4eba\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u5370\u8c61\uff1a\u63cf\u5199\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66=\u7ed3\u6784\u4e3b\u4e49=\u673a\u68b0\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

[4]<\/a> \u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Joseph H. Greenberg\uff0c1915\u2013\u2003\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u65af\u5766\u798f\u5927\u5b66\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e0e\u4eba\u7c7b\u5b66\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u975e\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u4e13\u5bb6\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/a>1.3 \u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5171\u6027<\/h2>\n

\u8bb8\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u60f3\u8c61\u5230\u7684\u3001\u4ece\u903b\u8f91\u4e0a\u8bf4\u6765\u5341\u5206\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u98a0\u5012\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\u6240\u6709\u5355\u8bcd\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\u6765\u628a\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5\u6539\u4e3a\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff0c\u8be5\u662f\u5f88\u65b9\u4fbf\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\uff081a\uff09\u662f\u9648\u8ff0\u53e5\uff0c\uff081b\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
1a-<\/td>\nLa hundo vidis la katon, kiu sidis trankvile sub arbo.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u90a3\u72d7\u770b\u89c1\u4e86\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5750\u5728\u6811\u4e0b\u7684\u732b\u3002<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1b-<\/td>\n*Arbo sub trankvile sidis kiu, katon la vidis hundo la?<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u2018\u6811\u4e0b\u5b89\u9759\u5730\u5750\uff08\u5b83\uff09\u732b\uff08\u90a3\uff09\u770b\u89c1\u72d7\u90a3\uff1f\u2019<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u7136\u800c\u4eba\u4eec\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u73b0\u8fc7\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u5177\u5907\u8fd9\u6761\u89c4\u5219\u3002\uff08\u653e\u5728\u524d\u9762\u7684\u661f\u53f7\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u540e\u9762\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u662f\u4e0d\u5408\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u3002\uff09\u6211\u4eec\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u6240\u89c1\u5230\u7684\u6784\u6210\u7591\u95ee\u53e5\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u662f\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u524d\u9762\u653e\u4e00\u4e2a\u52a9\u8bcd\uff0c\u5982\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684 \u0109u\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u5219\u628a\u8fd9\u7c7b\u52a9\u8bcd\u653e\u5728\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u65e5\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u304b\u201d\uff08ka\uff09\u548c\u7956\u9c81\u8bed\u7684 n\u00e2\uff1b\u8bb8\u591a\u8bed\u8a00\u7528\u975e\u5e38\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\u98a0\u5012\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u98a0\u5012\u4e3b\u8bed\u548c\u8c13\u8bed\uff08\u6216\u8c13\u8bed\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff09\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5982\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u5fb7\u8bed\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u628a\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e00\u8fb9\u80af\u5b9a\u4e00\u8fb9\u5426\u5b9a\u5730\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u5982\u6c49\u8bed\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6539\u53d8\u8bed\u8c03\uff08\u53e5\u5b50\u7684\u65cb\u5f8b\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u3001\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u6765\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u628a\u53e5\u5b50\u91cc\u7684\u8bcd\u9010\u4e2a\u987a\u6b21\u98a0\u5012\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u53e5\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\u5728\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u4e00\u822c\u8bf4\u6765\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff08\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u8bdd\uff09\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u4e2d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1b\u867d\u7136\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u6761\u53e5\u6cd5\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u5bf9\u201c\u4eba\u5de5\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u5373\u673a\u5668\uff08\u6216\u8ba1\u7b97\u673a\uff09\u8bed\u8a00\u6765\u8bf4\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u662f\u5341\u5206\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u3002\uff08\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u987a\u4fbf\u6ce8\u610f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff1a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u6240\u5b9a\u4e0b\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u2014\u2014\u4f46\u53ef\u60dc\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4eba\u7ed9\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u6234\u4e0a\u201c\u4eba\u9020\u201d\u7684\u5e3d\u5b50\u3002\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e54\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7ed9\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff1a\u8bf4\u660e\u201c\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u5373\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5b9e\u8d28\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e00\u76ee\u6807\u800c\u52aa\u529b\u65f6\uff0c\u662f\u5047\u5b9a\u6709\u8bed\u8a00\u5171\u6027\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b8c\u5168\u7b26\u5408\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8fd9\u5f53\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e3a\u5947\u7684\u4e8b\u3002[1]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n

\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u5728\u5176\u8bba\u6587\u300a\u4e0e\u6709\u610f\u4e49\u6210\u5206\u4e4b\u6b21\u5e8f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8bed\u6cd5\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\u300b\uff08\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\u300b\u4e00\u4e66\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u4e8e45\u9879\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u8651\u7684\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4e3e3\u9879\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u5355\u5b50\u4e0a\u7684\u7b2c32\u9879\uff09\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u67d0\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u6709\u6027\u7684\u8303\u7574\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u975e\u6709\u6570\u7684\u8303\u7574\u4e0d\u53ef\u3002\u201d\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5373\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u65e2\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u53c8\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u4f8b\u5982\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u6027\uff08\u9633\u6027\u548c\u9634\u6027\uff09\u548c\u4e24\u79cd\u6570\uff08\u5355\u6570\u548c\u590d\u6570\uff09\uff1b\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u8303\u7574\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u5982\u65e5\u8bed\uff0c\u5176\u540d\u8bcd\u65e2\u4e0d\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u6027\u53c8\u4e0d\u80fd\u8868\u793a\u6570\uff1b\u4e5f\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6709\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u6570\u4f46\u65e0\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u6027\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u2014\u2014\u5982\u82f1\u8bed\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff08\u666e\u904d\u5730\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff09\u6709\u6027\u7684\u533a\u522b\u800c\u65e0\u6570\u7684\u533a\u522b\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u7b2c39\u9879\uff09\u662f\uff1a\u201c\u5728\u65e2\u6709\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u4f4d\u53c8\u6709\u683c\u7684\u5f62\u4f4d\u2014\u2014\u800c\u4e14\u5982\u679c\u4e8c\u8005\u90fd\u5c45\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u4e4b\u540e\u6216\u5c45\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u4e4b\u524d\u2014\u2014\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6570\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u51e0\u4e4e\u603b\u662f\u4f4d\u4e8e\u540d\u8bcd\u8bcd\u5e72\u548c\u683c\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u201d\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u65e2\u6709\u6570\uff08\u590d\u6570\uff09\u53c8\u6709\u683c\uff08\u5bf9\u683c\uff09\u7684\u8bcd\u5c3e\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\uff0c\u6309\u901a\u4f8b\u975e\u5e38\u53ef\u80fd\u628a\u590d\u6570\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u653e\u5728\u8bcd\u5e72\u548c\u5bf9\u683c\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002\u800c\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6b63\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff1ahom\/j\/n[\u5f55\u5165\u8005\u6ce81]<\/a><\/sup>\uff08\u201c\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u590d\u6570\uff0c\u5bf9\u683c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\uff08\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u7b2c25\u9879\uff09\uff1a\u201c\u5982\u679c\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\uff08\u5fc5\u987b\uff09\u8ddf\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\uff0c\u540d\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\u4e5f\u540c\u6837\u8ddf\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u540e\u9762\u3002\u201d\u8fd9\u6837\u8bf4\u6765\uff0c\uff082a\uff09\uff082b\uff09\uff082c\uff09\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\uff082d\uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
2a-<\/td>\n\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\u548c\u540d\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\u90fd\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u65e5\u8bed\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2b-<\/td>\n\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\u548c\u540d\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\u90fd\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u82f1\u8bed\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2c-<\/td>\n\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4f46\u540d\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2d-<\/td>\n\u4ee3\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4f46\u540d\u8bcd\u5bbe\u8bed\u5728\u52a8\u8bcd\u4e4b\u524d\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u7f3a\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u8fd1\u6765\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8bd5\u56fe\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u666e\u904d\u73b0\u8c61\u627e\u51fa\u6839\u672c\u7684\u7406\u7531\uff08\u53c2\u89c1 Sanders 1975\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u89c1\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\uff08Sanders\uff0c1975\u5e74\uff1a391\u9875\uff09\uff1a\u201c\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u6216\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u97f3\u4e49\u914d\u5bf9\u7684\u65e0\u7a77\u96c6\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u4eba\u7c7b\u67d0\u4e00\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6210\u5458\u7528\u4e8e\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea4\u9645\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u2026\u2026\u201d\u7531\u4e8e\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u4e00\u7fa4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8fdb\u884c\u4eba\u7c7b\u4ea4\u9645\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\uff1a\u6839\u636e\u6851\u5fb7\u65af\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u2014\u2014\u539f\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

[\u5f55\u5165\u8005\u6ce81]<\/a> \u62fc\u5199\u9519\u8bef\u3002\u5e94\u4e3a homo\/j\/n\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/a>1.4 \u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5212\u5206<\/h2>\n

\u7ed9\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6839\u636e\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c31\u6709\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u7c7b\u6cd5\uff1a\u8c31\u2022<\/rt>\u7cfb\u2022<\/rt>\u5b66\u2022<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff08\u6216\u53d1\u2022<\/rt>\u751f\u2022<\/rt>\u5b66\u2022<\/rt><\/ruby>\uff09\u5206\u2022<\/rt>\u7c7b\u2022<\/rt><\/ruby>\u548c\u7c7b\u2022<\/rt>\u578b\u2022<\/rt>\u5b66\u2022<\/rt>\u5206\u2022<\/rt>\u7c7b\u2022<\/rt><\/ruby>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8c31\u7cfb\u5b66\u5206\u7c7b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u628a\u8bed\u8a00\u6309\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u5206\u95e8\u522b\u7c7b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u80fd\u8bf4\u660e\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u51fa\u81ea\u65e9\u4e9b\u65f6\u5019\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c31\u628a\u8fd9\u4e24\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u79f0\u4e3a\u4eb2\u5c5e\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u7684\u4eb2\u5c5e\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u6cd5\u8bed\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u8bed\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u8bed\u548c\u7f57\u9a6c\u5c3c\u4e9a\u8bed\u505a\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u6f14\u53d8\u800c\u6765\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u5df2\u7ecf\u4e3a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u6240\u8bc1\u660e\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u5b50\u5973\u201d\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u7ed9\u5b83\u4eec\u53d6\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5408\u9002\u7684\u540d\u79f0\uff1a\u62c9\u4e01\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u4ee5\u540c\u6837\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba4\u53ef\u4e86\u65e5\u8033\u66fc\u3001\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u3001\u51ef\u5c14\u7279\u3001\u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u8bf8\u8bed\u8a00\uff1b\u800c\u4e14\u56e0\u4e3a\u6240\u6709\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u65cf\u7684\u66f4\u8fdc\u7684\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bed\u65cf\u90fd\u662f\u5370\u6b27\u8bed\u7cfb\u7684\u6210\u5458\u3002[1]<\/a><\/sup>\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u8bed\u7cfb\u6709\uff1a\u82ac\u5170-\u4e4c\u6208\u5c14\u8bed\u7cfb\u3001\u95ea\u7c73\u7279\u8bed\u7cfb\u3001[2]<\/a><\/sup>\u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7cfb[3]<\/a><\/sup>\u3001\u9a6c\u6765-\u6ce2\u5229\u5c3c\u897f\u4e9a\u8bed\u7cfb\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u5728\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u7c7b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u6839\u636e\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u70b9\u628a\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u95e8\u522b\u7c7b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u4eb2\u7f18\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ed3\u6784\u7279\u70b9\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c1\u4e8e\u97f3\u7406\u5b66\u548c\u97f3\u7cfb\u5b66\uff08\u5373\u89c1\u4e8e\u8bfb\u97f3\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u89c1\u4e8e\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\uff08\u5373\u89c1\u4e8e\u8bcd\u8bed\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u89c1\u4e8e\u53e5\u6cd5\u5b66\uff08\u5373\u89c1\u4e8e\u53e5\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\uff09\u3002\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbe\u60f3\u4ee5\u8bed\u4e49\u5b66\uff08\u5373\u4ee5\u610f\u4e49\uff09\u4e3a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u3002\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u5206\u7c7b\u662f\u5f62\u6001\u5b66\u5206\u7c7b\uff1a\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u628a\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u4e3a\u4e09\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\uff08\u5b64\u7acb\u8bed\u3001\u7c98\u5408\u8bed\u3001\u7194\u5408\u8bed\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u8ba8\u8bba\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n

[1]<\/a> \u96c5\u5229\u5b89\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u6b64\u5904\u6309\u73b0\u5728\u901a\u7528\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u6307\u5370\u5ea6\u8bed\u65cf\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u4eba\u4eec\u7528\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u6307\u5370\u5ea6-\u4f0a\u6717\u8bed\u65cf\u3002\u8fc7\u53bb\u66f4\u6709\u4eba\u7528\u4ee5\u6307\u5370\u6b27\u8bed\u7cfb\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

[2]<\/a> \u53c8\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e4c\u62c9\u5c14\u8bed\u7cfb\u82ac\u5170\u4e4c\u6208\u5c14\u8bed\u65cf\uff0c\u4e9a\u975e\u8bed\u7cfb\u95ea\u7c73\u7279\u8bed\u65cf\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

[3]<\/a> \u73ed\u56fe\u8bed\u7cfb\u662f\u65e7\u6765\u7684\u53eb\u6cd5\u3002\u6309\u683c\u6797\u4f2f\u683c\u7684\u5206\u7c7b\uff0c\u73ed\u56fe\u8bf8\u8bed\u8a00\u96b6\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5c3c\u65e5\u5c14-\u79d1\u5c14\u591a\u51e1\u8bed\u7cfb\u5c3c\u65e5\u5c14-\u521a\u679c\u8bed\u65cf\uff08\u4e5f\u6709\u4eba\u53e6\u79f0\u5c3c\u65e5\u5c14-\u521a\u679c\u8bed\u7cfb\uff09\u8d1d\u52aa\u57c3-\u521a\u679c\u8bed\u652f\u3002\u7136\u5219\u73ed\u56fe\u8bf8\u8bed\u8a00\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u80fd\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u65cf\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u53c2\u8003\u6750\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.1 \u5916\u90e8\u7279\u70b9\uff1aLapenna 1950\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

1.2 Greenberg 1974\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

1.3 Greenberg 1963\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\uff1bSanders 1975\uff1bLindstedt 1976\u3002<\/p>\n

1.4 \u8c31\u7cfb\u5b66\u5206\u7c7b.\u2003Collinson 1927\uff1a82\u201392\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\uff0c\u53c8\u89c1 Brozovi\u0107 1976\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\u97f3\u6807\u8868<\/a>\u2003\u56de\u76ee\u5f55<\/a>\u2003\u4e0b\u4e00\u7ae0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u5bfc\u8bba 1.1 \u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u8bed\u8a00 \u4e16\u754c\u8bed\uff08Esperanto\uff09\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u8bed\u8a00\uff1f\u5b83\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5404\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u2026 \u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb Legi pli »<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":12821,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12842"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12842"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12842\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12842"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}