{"id":12846,"date":"2022-11-09T12:30:11","date_gmt":"2022-11-09T04:30:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/?page_id=12846"},"modified":"2026-10-18T11:50:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-18T03:50:57","slug":"x","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/esperantologio\/lingvistikaj-aspektoj-de-esperanto\/x\/","title":{"rendered":"\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u6982\u8bba \u8bd1\u8005\u8dcb"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2><strong><b>\u8bd1\u8005\u8dcb<\/b><\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3><strong><b>\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u5a01\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u6982\u8bba\u300b\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\uff08<em><i>esperantologio<\/i><\/em>\uff09\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\uff08<em><i>kosmoglotiko, interlingvistiko<\/i><\/em>\uff09\u7684\u6210\u529f\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u9274\u4e8e\u76ee\u524d\u56fd\u5185\u5728\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7a7a\u7f3a\u5c1a\u591a\uff0c\u6211\u628a\u5b83\u4ece\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u539f\u6587\u8bd1\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6fc0\u53d1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5174\u8da3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u8ba1\u5212\u53ca\u201c\u514b\u91cc\u5965\u8033\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7684\u51e0\u4e2a\u6d3b\u8dc3\u90e8\u95e8\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u4ece\u72ed\u5c0f\u8303\u56f4\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u54ea\u6015\u53ea\u8bfb\u4e00\u8bfb\u4ecb\u7ecd\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90e8\u95e8\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f1a\u611f\u5230\u8033\u76ee\u4e00\u65b0\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u7814\u7a76\u5404\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u53ca\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8a00\u7edf\u4e00\u7684\u524d\u666f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u56fd\u9645\u8f85\u52a9\u8bed\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u7ecf\u9a8c\u3001\u63a8\u5e7f\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u5ba3\u4f20\u7b56\u7565\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u53c8\u4ece\u4e00\u5207\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u57fa\u672c\u6982\u5ff5\u53ca\u5176\u8868\u8fbe\u65b9\u5f0f\uff09\u5165\u624b\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u56fd\u9645\u8f85\u52a9\u8bed\u7684\u521b\u5236\u539f\u5219\u3001\u8bed\u8a00\u7ed3\u6784\u548c\u8bed\u8a00\u89c4\u8303\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u73b0\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u5916\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u6d3b\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\uff08Esperanto\uff09\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u5e7b\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u65e0\u672c\u4e4b\u6728\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u7684\u3001\u5f88\u6709\u751f\u6c14\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5a01\u5c14\u65af\u6b64\u4e66\u4ece\u7406\u8bba\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e0a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5168\u9762\u5730\u63cf\u5199\u548c\u8bc4\u4ef7\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8005\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u8003\u8651\u5230\u8bd1\u672c\u7684\u8bfb\u8005\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4f46\u4f1a\u6709\u5bf9\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u4e86\u89e3\u4e0d\u6df1\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f1a\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u8fd8\u6ca1\u6709\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5927\u7565\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e00\u4e0b\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u53ca\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u80cc\u666f\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u8fd8\u662f\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong><b>\u4e00<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u8bed\u8a00\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u4ea4\u9645\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5b83\u662f\u4eba\u7c7b\u521b\u9020\u7684\uff0c\u53c8\u4e0d\u65ad\u4e3a\u4eba\u7c7b\u6240\u6539\u8fdb\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u8fd9\u5de5\u5177\u5728\u6c11\u65cf\u4ea4\u5f80\u4e2d\u5f88\u4e0d\u597d\u4f7f\u3002\u8981\u662f\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0d\u53d7\u56fd\u5bb6\u548c\u6c11\u65cf\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u7684\u901a\u7528\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u597d\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7406\u60f3\u66fe\u5438\u5f15\u548c\u6fc0\u52b1\u8fc7\u8bb8\u591a\u4ee3\u7684\u4ec1\u4eba\u5fd7\u58eb\u3002\u4f46\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e25\u8083\u5730\u8003\u8651\u521b\u9020\u65b0\u7684\u4e2d\u7acb\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u7528\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u53bb\u53d6\u4ee3\u5404\u4e2a\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u628a\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u8f85\u52a9\u6027\u7684\u5a92\u4ecb\u8bed\u8a00\u63a8\u8350\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u5750\u7b49\u90a3\u9065\u8fdc\u5c06\u6765\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8bf8\u8bed\u8a00\u4e4b\u878d\u5408\uff1b\u4f46\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u5fc5\u5426\u8ba4\u878d\u5408\u7684\u524d\u666f\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8981\u4f7f\u8fd9\u65b0\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u878d\u5408\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u4e00\u4efd\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5047\u5982\u5728\u878d\u5408\u5b8c\u6210\u4e4b\u524d\u5c31\u8981\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u786e\u5b9a\u5171\u540c\u8bed\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u521b\u9020\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5f53\u7136\u4e5f\u662f\u5019\u9009\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u57f9\u6839\u3001\u67ef\u660e\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u5085\u7acb\u53f6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7b1b\u5361\u513f\u3001\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\uff0c\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u5bb6\u8212\u54c8\u7279\u3001\u8428\u4e15\u5c14\u3001\u53f6\u65af\u6cca\u68ee\u7b49\u4eba\uff0c\u90fd\u63a2\u8ba8\u8fc7\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u4ece\u5341\u516b\u5c81\u8d77\u7ec8\u5176\u4e00\u751f\u90fd\u6000\u7740\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u3002\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u6c49\u5b57\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u64cd\u4e0d\u540c\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6c11\u65cf\u91c7\u7528\u5171\u540c\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u7b26\u53f7\uff08<em><i>Pazigrafio<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u5f03\u8bcd\u800c\u5b58\u610f\u7684\u8de8\u8bed\u8a00\u5b57\u7b26\uff09\u4e92\u76f8\u4e86\u89e3\u5c06\u662f\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8bed\u6cd5\u5e94\u8be5\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u683c\u548c\u6570\u7684\u8303\u7574\u90fd\u662f\u591a\u4f59\u7684\uff0c\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u4e0d\u59a8\u4e0e\u540d\u8bcd\u540c\u5f62\u3002\u4ed6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u7528\u903b\u8f91\u548c\u4ee3\u6570\u65b9\u6cd5\u53bb\u6784\u62df\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u7684\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002<sup>\u2460<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u5341\u4e03\u4e16\u7eaa\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u8fd9\u6bb5\u65f6\u95f4\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u50cf\u5bc6\u7801\u672c\u6216\u5206\u7c7b\u8868\u683c\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982 T. Urquhart (1651), J. J. Becher (1661), A. Kircher (1663), G. Dalgarno (1666), J. Wilkins (1668), D. Solbrig (1726), C. G. Berger (1779), M. de Maimieux (1797), C. Wolke (1797), J. Sureau (1798), J. Cambry (1805) \u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7528\u6570\u7801\u6216\u5b57\u6bcd\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5219\u63d0\u5021\u65b0\u7684\u5f62\u610f\u6587\u5b57\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5982 A. M\u00fcller (1681) \u7684\u6c49\u5b57\u8bed\u548c J. Nather (1805) \u7684\u8c61\u5f62\u6587\u5b57\u8bed\u3002\u8fd8\u6709\u4eba\u63d0\u5021\u97f3\u7b26\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\uff0c\u5982 S. de Mas (1863) \u548c F. Sudre (1866)\u3002\u81ea\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\u81f3\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7eaa\uff0c\u5219\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u6a21\u4eff\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u636e\u7edf\u8ba1\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\u5df2\u7ecf\u51fa\u73b0\u8fc7\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u65b9\u6848\u6709\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u3002<sup>\u2460<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u53d6\u5f97\u54ea\u6015\u662f\u4e00\u70b9\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u53c8\u8c08\u4f55\u5bb9\u6613\uff011880\u5e74\u53f2\u83b1\u8036\u5c14\u521b\u5236\u4e86\u6c83\u62c9\u666e\u514b\u8bed\uff0c\u6f14\u51fa\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u53f2\u4e0a\u7cbe\u5f69\u800c\u77ed\u6682\u7684\u4e00\u5e55\u3002\u6c83\u62c9\u666e\u514b\u8bed\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u520a\u7269\u51fa\u8fc745\u671f\uff0c\u5f00\u8fc7\u4e09\u6b21\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\uff0c\u6210\u7acb\u8fc7\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff08Kadem\uff09\u3002<sup>\u2461<\/sup>1889\u5e74\u6781\u76db\u65f6\u6709283\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u56e2\u4f53\uff0c2.5\u5bb6\uff08\u4e00\u8bf435\u5bb6\uff09\u671f\u520a\uff0c\u51fa\u8fc7316\u672c\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u3002\u8fd9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u591a\u53d6\u81ea\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u548c\u82f1\u8bed\uff0c\u4f46\u501f\u5165\u7684\u8bcd\u6839\u88ab\u4efb\u610f\u6539\u52a8\u3002\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8fd9\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u672c\u8eab\uff1a<em><i>Vol-<\/i><\/em>\u00a0= world\uff0c<em><i>-a-<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u5c5e\u683c\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c<em><i>-p\u00fck<\/i><\/em>\u00a0= speech\uff1b<em><i>Volap\u00fck<\/i><\/em>\u00a0= world&#8217;s speech\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u4e4b\u8bed\u201d\u3002\u4e24\u4e2a\u82f1\u8bed\u8bcd\u90fd\u5df2\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e\u3002\uff09\u8bed\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6f14\u7ece\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\uff0c\u4f46\u540d\u8bcd\u6709\u56db\u4e2a\u683c\uff0c\u52a8\u8bcd\u5e26\u4eba\u79f0\u540e\u7f00\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u90fd\u8fc7\u4e8e\u590d\u6742\u3002\u6c83\u62c9\u666e\u514b\u8bed\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e3a\u89c4\u5b9a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u7f3a\u70b9\u592a\u663e\u8457\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u62db\u81f4\u5c16\u9510\u7684\u6279\u8bc4\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u4eec\u4e0d\u65ad\u4fee\u6539\u5b83\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u521b\u59cb\u4eba\u4e0d\u8f6c\u8ba9\u4fee\u6539\u6743\uff01\uff09\uff0c\u4f01\u56fe\u4f7f\u5b83\u5b8c\u5584\u8d77\u6765\u30021903\u5e74\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u516c\u5e03\u4e86\u201c\u4e2d\u7acb\u8bed\u201d\uff08Idiom Neutral\uff09\uff0c\u8fde\u6c83\u62c9\u666e\u514b\u8bed\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8981\u4e86\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u5b83\u88ab\u6539\u5f97\u9762\u76ee\u5168\u975e\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u53eb\u65e7\u540d\u4e86\u3002\u4f461907\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u7acb\u8bed\u53c8\u4e00\u6b21\u88ab\u5927\u52a0\u6539\u52a8\u30021908\u5e74\uff0c\u76ae\u963f\u8bfa\uff08G. Peano\uff09\u4e3b\u6301\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff0c\u201c\u655e\u5f00\u6539\u9769\u4e4b\u95e8\u201d\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u5373\u5f15\u8fdb\u4ed6\u65e9\u5c31\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7684\u65e0\u5c48\u6298\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff08Latino Sine Flexione\uff09\uff0c\u6c83\u62c9\u666e\u514b\u8bed\u7684\u5f71\u5b50\u4e2d\u7acb\u8bed\u5c31\u88ab\u62b9\u6389\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u65e0\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u6c83\u62c9\u666e\u514b\u8bed\u5411\u4e16\u754c\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u521b\u9020\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7ecf\u9a8c\u6559\u8bad\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5176\u5386\u53f2\u529f\u7ee9\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u78e8\u706d\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6c83\u62c9\u666e\u514b\u8bed\u540e\u8bde\u751f\u4e86\u67f4\u95e8\u970d\u592b\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\uff081887\uff09\u3002\u6c83\u62c9\u666e\u514b\u8bed\u8005\u7684\u597d\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u683c\u62c9\u6ce2\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u827e\u6069\u65af\u5766\u3001\u5fb7\u74e6\u5b81\u3001\u74e6\u5c14\uff0c\u8f6c\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8005\u3002\u4f46\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u68ee\u6797\u4e2d\u624e\u4e0b\u4e86\u6839\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e0d\u6ee1\u610f\u800c\u8981\u6c42\u4fee\u6539\u7684\u503e\u5411\u4e5f\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002\u4eba\u4eec\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u4fee\u6539\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u800c\u81ea\u6210\u4e00\u6d3e\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u662f\u6ce2\u5f17\u9f99\u548c\u53e4\u90fd\u62c9\u521b\u7acb\u7684\u4f0a\u591a\u8bed\uff08Ido\uff0c1907\uff09\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u5176\u4e8b\u7684\u6709\u76ae\u963f\u8bfa\u548c\u53f6\u65af\u6cca\u68ee\u3002\u524d\u8005\u540c\u65f6\u9f13\u5439\u65e0\u5c48\u6298\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\uff08\u540e\u53c8\u79f0\u82f1\u7279\u6797\u74dc\u8bed Interlingua\uff09\uff0c\u53f6\u6c0f\u5219\u4e8e1928\u5e74\u53e6\u521b\u65b0\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\uff08Novial\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u74e6\u5c14\u5df2\u7ecf\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6b27\u897f\u8bed\uff08Occidental\uff0c1922\uff09\u30021936\u5e74\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u56fe\u5f62\u8bed\uff0c1950\u5e74\u6709\u53cd\u5df4\u6bd4\u4ed1\u8bed\uff1b1951\u5e74\u6709\u56fd\u9645\u8f85\u52a9\u8bed\u534f\u4f1a\u7684\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8bed\uff08Interlingua\uff0cIALA\uff09\u3002\u540e\u6765\u8fd8\u6709\u597d\u4e9b\u522b\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u8fdf\u81f3\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6f14\u7ece\u8bed Em-sigh-ay \u548c\u5f52\u7eb3\u8bed Adli\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u6848\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e16\u754c\u8bed Esperanto\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong><b>\u4e8c<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u8f85\u52a9\u8bed\uff08\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u6216\u6784\u62df\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff09\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8c61\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u7c7b\u578b\u5206\u7c7b\u548c\u8c31\u7cfb\u5206\u7c7b\u3002\u4ece\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u53ef\u4ee5\u6309\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u8a00\u5728\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e0a\u63a5\u8fd1\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\u628a\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u6210\uff08a\uff09\u5f03\u8bcd\u8bed\u8a00\uff08<em><i>pazigrafio<\/i><\/em>\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u4e0d\u4f46\u5305\u62ec\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u4e66\u76ee\u300b\u4e2d\u7684 <em><i>pazigrafio<\/i><\/em>\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u822c\u5305\u62ec\u8be5\u4e66\u5217\u4e3a <em><i>poligrafio<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u548c <em><i>logistikio<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff1b\uff08b\uff09\u58f0\u8bcd\u8bed\u8a00\uff08<em><i>fonetika lingvo vorta<\/i><\/em>\uff09\u2014\u2014\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u4e66\u76ee\u300b\u5217\u4e3a\u201c\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u8a00\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u63a5\u8fd1\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u65b9\u6848\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u6309\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u8457\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u6210\u5206\u5c06\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u6210 A. \u6f14\u7ece\u578b\uff08<em><i>apriora<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u5148\u9a8c\u7684\u201d\uff09\u548c B. \u5f52\u7eb3\u578b\uff08<em><i>aposteriora<\/i><\/em>\u201c\u540e\u5929\u7684\u201d\uff09\u4e24\u7c7b\uff0c\u6216\u628a\u6298\u8877\u4e8e\u4e8c\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u53e6\u7acb C. \u6df7\u5408\u578b\uff08<em><i>miksita<\/i><\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u7c7b\u3002\u518d\u4e00\u79cd\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u5c06\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u8a00\u5206\u6210\u5f03\u8bcd\u8bed\u8a00\u3001\u6f14\u7ece\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u548c\u5f52\u7eb3\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u4e09\u7c7b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5f03\u8bcd\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u6f14\u7ece\u578b\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u5f52\u7eb3\u578b\u7684\uff1b\u6f14\u7ece\u578b\u58f0\u8bcd\u8bed\u8a00\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u5f52\u7eb3\u578b\u5f03\u8bcd\u8bed\u8a00\u66f4\u4e0d\u8c61\u4eba\u7c7b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002\u867d\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u628a\u5f03\u8bcd\u8bed\u8a00\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u5f52\u5165\u6f14\u7ece\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6f14\u7ece\u578b\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u6216\u53ea\u6709\u5f88\u5c11\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u6210\u5206\u3002\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u4e66\u76ee\u300b\u91cc\u6807\u4f5c S\uff08\u81ea\u6210\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff09\u548c R\uff08\u4efb\u610f\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u7406\u6027\u65b9\u6848\uff09\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6f14\u7ece\u578b\u8bed\u8a00\u3002S \u7c7b\u6709\u4e0b\u5217\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u65b9\u6848\uff1aJ. Wilkins (1668), J. Sureau (1798\uff0c\u5206\u7c7b\u8bed), J. Nather (1805), A. Burja (1809), F. Gerber (1832), A. Grosselin (1836), J. Rambosson (1853\u201456\u62df\u6001\u8bed), S. de Mas (1863), M. Pa\u00ef\u0107 (1864\uff0c\u6570\u5b57\u8bed)<sup>\u2460<\/sup>, Dr. Verdu (1868\uff0c\u8868\u610f\u6587\u5b57), F. Dyer (1875\u201c\u5149\u8bed\u201d), S. Baranovski (1884\uff0c\u8868\u610f\u6587\u5b57)\u3002R \u7c7b\u6709\uff1aTgransar (1800? Senlerai), I. G\u0101di (1820 Astenographianek), J. Bazin (1844), Von Gablentz (1860, 1865), De Lauture (1862), A. Schmitt (1866), A. Stafller (1869), F. Reimann (1877), B. Bohin (1898), A. Nicolas (1900, Spokil), E. Foster (1908, Ro)\u3002<sup>\u2461<\/sup>\u6709\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u300a\u4e66\u76ee\u300b\u6807\u4f5c RS\uff0c\u5982 G. Kaln\u00e1r (1773) \u7684\u54f2\u7406\u8bed\uff08\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u628a\u4eba\u7c7b\u601d\u7ef4\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5206\u6210500\u4e2a\uff0c\u7528\u53d6\u81ea\u5404\u79cd\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u7b26\u53f7\u7cfb\u7edf\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff09\u548c Sudre (1866) \u7684\u97f3\u4e50\u8bed\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f52\u7eb3\u578b\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u4e2d\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u6e90\u51fa\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6210\u5206\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u79cd\u91cc\u53c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u51fa\u4e24\u7c7b\uff1aB\u2081. \u5355\u6e90\u5934\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u6839\u636e\u53e4\u5e0c\u814a\u8bed\u521b\u9020\u7684 Apol\u00e9ma (1907)\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u7684\u201c\u65b0\u62c9\u4e01\u8bed\u201d\uff08\u81f3\u5c11\u670910\u79cd\uff09\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u6cd5\u8bed\u7684 Lango du Mondo (1788)\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u82f1\u8bed\u7684 Veltlang (1910)\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u8bed\u7684 Nuove-Roman (1897)\u3002B\u2082. \u591a\u6e90\u5934\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5982\u6839\u636e\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u8bed\u65cf\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6848 (1790, 1826, 1879\u2026)\uff0c\u53ca Anglo-Franca (1889), Novial (1928), Anti-Babylon (1950\uff0c\u6b64\u65b9\u6848\u7684\u8bcd\u5e93\u4e2d\u7adf\u96c6\u4e86\u6b27\u4e9a\u975e\u4e09\u5927\u6d3285\u4e2a\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u6750\u6599)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6df7\u5408\u578b\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u662f\u4ecb\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u4e24\u4e2a\u7c7b\u578b\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\uff0c\u5982 Langue Nouvelle (1765), Volap\u00fck (1880), Weltsprache (1883), Pasilingua (1885), Langue universelle (1886), Esperanto (1887), Bolak\uff08\u201c\u84dd\u5409\u8bed\u201d\uff0c1899\uff09, Ulla (=Ekselsioro, 1906), Pan-Arish (1908), Alesi (1911), Neosinografia (1913\uff0c\u65b0\u6c49\u5b57\u56fd\u9645\u8bed), Qosmiani (1922), OMO (1926)\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6f14\u7ece\u6210\u5206\u6709\u591a\u6709\u5c11\uff1b1886\u5e74\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u662f\u62ff\u6c83\u62c9\u666e\u514b\u8bed\u6765\u8c03\u5408\u6c11\u65cf\u8bed\u8a00\u6750\u6599\uff08\u4f5c\u8005\u641c\u7f57\u4e86\u5305\u62ec\u6ce2\u65af\u8bed\u3001\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u8bed\u3001\u571f\u8033\u5176\u8bed\u3001\u9791\u977c\u8bed\u7684\u8bcd\u6839\uff09\uff0c1926\u5e74\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u5219\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u589e\u52a0\u6f14\u7ece\u6210\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ece\u8c31\u7cfb\u5b66\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u51fa\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u8bed\u65cf\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u53d7\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u5f71\u54cd\u800c\u521b\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6784\u6210\u4e00\u4e2a\u8bed\u65cf\u3002\u6c83\u62c9\u666e\u514b\u8bed\u51fa\u73b0\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u5f62\u6210\u4e86\u4e94\u4e2a\u8bed\u65cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u65cf\u662f\u6c83\u62c9\u666e\u514b\u8bed\u65cf\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u65cf\u662f\u4e2d\u7acb\u8bed\u65cf\uff08\u683c\u62c9\u5c14\u53eb\u505a\u65b0\u7f57\u66fc\u8bed\u65cf\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u65cf\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8bed\u65cf\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u65cf\u662f\u82f1\u7279\u6797\u74dc\u8bed\u65cf\uff08\u683c\u62c9\u5c14\u53eb\u505a\u82f1-\u62c9\u8bed\u65cf\uff09\uff1b<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e94\u65cf\u662f\u6b27\u897f\u8bed\u65cf\uff08\u5fb7\u5217\u8f9b\u79f0\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u548c\u82f1-\u62c9\u8bed\u65cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u6298\u8877\u65b9\u6848\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e94\u65cf\u5171\u8ba1\u6709\u65b9\u6848\u6570\u767e\u4e2a\u3002\u4f46\u552f\u4e00\u751f\u5b58\u4e0b\u6765\u7684\u53ea\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u8bed Esperanto\u3002\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u5fc5\u987b\u9762\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u4f5c\u51fa\u89e3\u91ca\u3002<\/p>\n<h3><strong><b>\u4e09<\/b><\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u5df2\u7ecf\u6709\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u6570\u91cf\u53ef\u89c2\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9886\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0cStojan \u7684\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u4e66\u76ee\u300b(1973) \u548c H. Tonkin\uff08\u6c64\u91d1\uff09\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u4e66\u76ee\u300b(1977) \u662f\u5fc5\u5907\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u4e66\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u65b9\u9762\u548c\u7406\u8bba\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\uff1aL. Couturat et L. Leau 1903\u20141907\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u53f2\u300b\uff0cE. Drezen\uff08\u5fb7\u5217\u8f9b\uff091911\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u53f2\u300b\uff08\u7b2c6\u7248\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7248\uff0c1931\uff09\uff0cA. L. Gu\u00e9rard\uff08\u683c\u62c9\u5c14\uff091922\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u8fd0\u52a8\u7b80\u53f2\u300b\uff0cH. Jacob \u7f16 1946\u300a\u5171\u540c\u8bed\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u300b\uff0cW. J. A. Manders 1950\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u300b\uff0cM. Monnerot-Dumaine 1960\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u6587\u6458\u300b\uff0cW. Gilbert 1962\u300a\u8ba1\u5212\u8bed\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0cI. Dratwer 1970\u300a\u51e0\u767e\u5e74\u6765\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0cM. Wandruszka 1971\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u7eb2\u8981\u300b\uff0cZ. Tisjar 1976\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u8bba\u4e1b\u300b\uff0cM. J. Isaev \u7b49\u7f16 1976\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff08\u82cf\u8054\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u51fa\u7248\uff09\uff0cR. Haupenthal 1976\u300a\u8ba1\u5212\u8bed\u8a00\u300b\uff08\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\uff0c\u6536\u5f55\u8fd1\u767e\u5e74\u676521\u4f4d\u5b66\u8005\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\uff09\uff0cT. Carlevaro \u7b49\u7f16 1979\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\uff0cI. S. Szerdahelyi \u7f16 1980\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u6587\u9009\u300b\uff0cA. Sakaguchi \u7f16 1981\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0cT. Ejsmont \u7f16 1982\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u8a00\u4ea4\u9645\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff08\u4f1a\u8bae\u6587\u96c6\uff09\uff0cS. H. Kuznecov 1982\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u539f\u7406\u300b\uff08\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5927\u5b66\u8bfe\u672c\uff0c\u4fc4\u6587\uff09\uff0cP. Ariste \u7b49\u7f16 1983\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5386\u53f2\u300b\uff08\u9662\u58eb\u8bba\u6587\u96c6\uff0c\u4fc4\u6587\uff0c\u6709\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u63d0\u8981\uff09\uff0cD. Blanke 1985\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8ba1\u5212\u8bed\u8a00\u5bfc\u8bba\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\u3002\u73b0\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u7814\u7a76\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u3002\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u672c\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\u5c31\u5f00\u59cb\u4e86\uff1b\u4f8b\u5982\u7814\u7a76\u8bed\u97f3\u7684\u300a\u8bed\u97f3\u5b66\u548c\u8bed\u97f3\u7f8e\u300b(I. Seleznjov 1903) \u548c\u300a\u8bba\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u53d1\u97f3\u300b(G. Moch 1907)\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8bcd\u6c47\u7684\u300a\u4e5d\u8bed\u8a00\u5bf9\u7167\u8bcd\u6e90\u8bcd\u5178\u300b(L. Bastien 1907)\uff0c\u300a\u67f4\u6c0f\u7528\u8bcd\u300b(A. Wackrill 1908) \u548c\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u79d1\u6280\u8bcd\u8bed\u7684\u62a5\u544a\u300b(Rollet de l&#8217;Isle 1911)\u3002\u7a0d\u540e\uff0c\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8bed\u6cd5\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u6784\u8bcd\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5219\u300b(R. de Saussure 1915)\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u89c1\u76f4\u5230\u534a\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u624d\u88ab\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6240\u91c7\u7eb3)\u548c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u8bcd\u5e8f\u95ee\u9898\u300b(W. E. Collinson 1923)\u3002\u5230 E. W\u00fcster\uff08\u97e6\u65af\u7279\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u7684\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u89c4\u5219\u300b(1921\u201422)\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u8fd9\u95e8\u5b66\u95ee\u5c31\u6b63\u5f0f\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u6765\u4e86\u3002P. Neergaard\uff08\u7eb3\u76d6\u5c14\uff09\u5bf9\u6b64\u4e5f\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u4ed6\u53d1\u8868\u8fc7\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u53ca\u5176\u539f\u5219\u300b(1942)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e3b\u7f16\u8fc7\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u520a\u7269\u300aEsperantologio\u300b(1949\u20141961)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6218\u540e\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u6bd4\u8f83\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982 W. J. A. Manders 1947\u300a\u4e94\u79cd\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u300b\uff0cMeadville-Oakville 1951\u300a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8bed\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6bd4\u8f83\u300b\uff0cJ. K. Read 1957\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8bed\u6bd4\u8f83\u300b\uff0cG. Waringhien 1959\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5728\u88c1\u5224\u5e2d\u524d\u300b\u3001\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8bed\u7684\u8865\u5145\u8003\u5bdf\u300b\uff0cR. Berger 1972\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8bed\u300b\uff08\u7528\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8bed\u5199\u6210\uff09\uff0cE. Bernasconi 1976\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u548c\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8bed\u300b\uff0c1977\u300a\u8981\u4e8b\u5b9e\u548c\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u8981\u795e\u8bdd\u548c\u504f\u89c1\uff1f\u300b\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u867d\u7136\u6bd4\u4e2d\u4ecb\u8bed\uff08Interlingua\uff0cIALA\uff09\u5f3a\u5927\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u8bba\u6218\u624d\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u628a\u540e\u8005\u6253\u8d25\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u6bd4\u8f83\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u52a8\u8bcd\u7684\u51e0\u672c\u4e66\uff1b\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u53f2\uff0c\u5373 L. Courtinat 1964\u201466\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u53f2\u300b\uff08\u5168\u4e66\u4e09\u5927\u5377\uff0c\u4e00\u5343\u4f59\u9875\uff0c\u53d9\u8ff0\u52301960\u5e74\uff09\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\u8fd8\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u56fd\u9645\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8005\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8005\u8054\u76df\uff08IUEF\uff0c1963\u5e74\u6210\u7acb\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u4f1a\u520a\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u8005\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e03\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u8bed\u8a00\u5b66\u7a7a\u524d\u53d1\u8fbe\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5149\u662f1973\u5e74\u5c31\u6709 E. Vilborg \u7f16\u7684\u300a\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u91cc\u7684\u5206\u8bcd\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff08\u6587\u4ef6\u96c6\uff09\uff0cW. Givoje\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4e2d\u7684\u5f62\u97f3\u4e49\u76f8\u5173\u8bcd\u300b\uff0cM. Halvelik\u300a\u7eff\u8272\u65b9\u8a00\u300b\uff08\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u65b9\u8a00\u95ee\u9898\uff09\u7b49\u8457\u4f5c\uff1b1976\u5e74\u5219\u66f4\u6709 I. Szerdahelyi\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u4e49\u6a21\u5f0f\u300b\uff0cD. Brozovi\u0107\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u7c7b\u578b\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u300b\uff0cM. Goninaz\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u95ee\u9898\u300b\uff0cL. Lindstedt\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u662f\u4eba\u9020\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u8bed\u8a00\u300b\uff0cC. Piron\uff08\u6bd4\u9686\uff09\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u662f\u6b27\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u8fd8\u662f\u4e9a\u6d32\u8bed\u8a00\u300b\u7b49\u4e13\u8bba\u3002Szerdahelyi \u7f16\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u6587\u96c6\uff08\u5377\u4e00\uff09\u300b\u57281976\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\uff0cZs. Vargafaszonits \u7f16\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u6587\u96c6\uff08\u5377\u4e8c\uff09\u300b\u5728\u6b21\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u3002Haupenthal \u7f16\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u97e6\u65af\u7279\u7eaa\u5ff5\u6587\u96c6\uff09\u57281978\u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u516b\u5341\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u6709\uff1aO. Reiers\u00f8l 1980\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u5206\u8bcd\u4e0e\u53d8\u66f4\u5f62\u5f0f\u300b\uff0cKoichi Simizu 1980\u300a\u8bed\u8a00\u4f20\u7edf\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u300b\uff0cA. D. Atanasov 1983\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u7684\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8d28\u300b\uff0cW. F. Pilger 1983\u300a\u5173\u4e8e\u5c06\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u4f5c\u4e3a\u673a\u5668\u7ffb\u8bd1\u5a92\u4ecb\u8bed\u8a00\u7684\u82e5\u5e72\u8bbe\u60f3\u300b\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u7684\u5f00\u5c55\u4ece\u4e00\u4e2a\u4fa7\u9762\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u8bed\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6210\u957f\u3002\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bc4\u6258\u7740\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><b>\u8bd1\u8005\u8dcb\u6ce8\u91ca\uff1a<\/b><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u83b1\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u7684\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u601d\u60f3\u89c1\u5176 <em><i>Dissertatio de arte combinatoria<\/i><\/em>\uff081666\uff09\u7b49\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0\u636e Stojan\u300a\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u4e66\u76ee\u300b\uff0c\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6848\u603b\u6570\u8fbe\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2461<\/sup>\u00a0\u6c83\u62c9\u666e\u514b\u8bed\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff08Kadem\uff09\u6210\u7acb\u4e8e1887\u5e74\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2460<\/sup>\u00a0M. Pa\u00ef\u0107 \u7684\u6570\u5b57\u8bed\u65b9\u6848\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a\u6570\u5b571\u2014999\u8868\u793a\u540e\u7f00\u548c\u8bcd\u5c3e\uff0c1000\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8868\u793a\u8bcd\u6839\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u30023243 + 10 \u4e70\u4e3b\uff0c3243 + 20 \u5973\u4e70\u4e3b\uff0c3243 + 13 \u90a3\u4e2a\u4e70\u4e3b\uff0c3243 + 101 \u90a3\u4e9b\u4e70\u4e3b\uff0c3243 + 40 \u8d2d\u4e70\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><sup>\u2461<\/sup>\u00a0Ro\uff08\u7f57\u8bed\uff09\u7684\u5b9e\u4f8b\uff1a\u5404\u79cd\u8bed\u4e49\u5355\u4f4d\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u6807\u8bb0\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5355\u4f4d\u5728\u8bed\u97f3\u4e0a\u4e92\u76f8\u8054\u7cfb\u3002\u5982 <em><i>lu-<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u690d\u7269\uff08<em><i>lucad<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u83b4\u82e3\uff0c<em><i>lucan<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u7f42\u7c9f\uff0c<em><i>ludaf<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u6986\uff0c<em><i>ludwab<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u6a61\uff09\uff1b<em><i>mu-<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u52a8\u7269\uff08<em><i>muja<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u9c7c\u7c7b\uff0c<em><i>muka<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u722c\u884c\u7c7b\uff0c<em><i>mula<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u9e1f\u7c7b\uff09\uff1b<em><i>za<\/i><\/em>\u00a0\u6570\u76ee\uff08<em><i>zab<\/i><\/em>\u00a01\uff0c<em><i>zac<\/i><\/em>\u00a02\uff0c<em><i>zad<\/i><\/em>\u00a03 \u2026 <em><i>zax<\/i><\/em>\u00a00\uff1b<em><i>zabab<\/i><\/em>\u00a010 \u2026 <em><i>zabaw<\/i><\/em>\u00a0100 \u2026\uff09\u3002\u2014\u2014\u8bd1\u6ce8<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/esperantologio\/lingvistikaj-aspektoj-de-esperanto\/ix\/\">\u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/lingvistikaj-aspektoj-de-esperanto\/\">\u56de\u76ee\u5f55<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8bd1\u8005\u8dcb \u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66 \u5a01\u5c14\u65af\u7684\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\u6982\u8bba\u300b\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u8bed\u5b66\uff08esperantologio\uff09\u548c\u56fd\u9645\u8bed\u5b66\uff08kos\u2026 <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/esperantologio\/lingvistikaj-aspektoj-de-esperanto\/x\/\">\u7ee7\u7eed\u9605\u8bfb Legi pli &raquo;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"parent":12821,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12846"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12846"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12846\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":20944,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12846\/revisions\/20944"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/12821"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/reto.cn\/php\/hanyu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}